Solving the empty container problem using double-container trucks to reduce vehicle miles

This paper proposes a mathematical model for the empty container reuse problem using double-container trucks. The model discretises time and makes sure demand is met. Several model properties are presented, along with two heuristics that allow the model to be solved. By solving the empty container reuse problem, truck miles can be reduced since less truck trips are needed to satisfy the demand. Furthermore, since double-container trucks can deliver two containers per truck trip, the amount of trucks needed to satisfy the demand is decreased even more, further reducing truck miles. This will in turn make the system more environmental friendly. The model is then tested using the data from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and on randomised datasets.