The use of fourth party references in the selection process

This study identifies and defines the concept of fourth party references (FPRs) and their use and value in the selection process. FPRs are individuals identified by the employer as a potential source of information about an applicant by a source other than the applicant and without their direct prior consent or knowledge. Examining the logistical use and the importance of FPRs, participants indicated that they utilized FPRs routinely, sought them out early in the selection process, and placed high value on them. Women, younger participants, and those living in large cities were less likely to perceive ethical concerns with using FPRs.