Russia in the Horn of Africa: Re-engagement in a new strategic environment

ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of Russia in the Horn of Africa in the context of Moscow’s drive to re-engage in the region amid stiff international competition. After providing an account of the geostrategic importance of the Horn, the article discusses a number of areas in which Russia has engaged in cooperation with various regional actors. Those discussed include anti-piracy efforts, military cooperation, trade in arms, cooperation on nuclear energy, and the role played by Russian private security agencies. In addition, analysis notes Russia’s debt relief for African states, failed vaccine diplomacy, assistance for oil exploration, and scholarships and training for African students. Discussion briefly considers the current war in Ukraine and the impact on Russian foreign policy on the Horn. The article concludes that Russia’s foray into Africa is largely to reassert its great power status without considerable costs and risks.