冰期地貌学,Colin K. Ballantyne, 2018年。威利-布莱克威尔,奇切斯特,454页。平装本:售价78.00美元,ISBN 9781405100069。

IF 0.9 Q3 GEOLOGY
Geologos Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI:10.2478/logos-2020-0009
M. Strzelecki
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地貌学是地球科学学科中最显著的进步。一方面,这是由于更广泛地交流了影响冻土和寒冷环境的极端过程的信息,例如永久冻土海岸线的快速侵蚀和/或斜坡和河流系统中冰缘过程的活动加剧。另一方面,大多数对气候和环境变化的预测表明,在大多数极地和山区环境中,包括高海拔高原,控制景观发展的永久冻土和冰缘机制都将减少。推动最近冰缘研究激增的另一个问题是对火星行星表面的调查,在那里,地球寒冷地区的类似物被用来描述地外地貌演化的机制。最后,由于地面温度升高,大多数生活在寒冷地区的社区都面临着地质灾害,包括与永久冻土退化相关的基础设施破坏。因此,除了传统的科学好奇心之外,新获得的关于寒冷地区地貌发展的知识被视为减少非冰冻未来的社会经济影响的关键。在寒冷地区观察到的急剧变化表明,迫切需要对年轻一代的永久冻土和冰缘过程专家进行教育和培训。对于现在和未来的学生和研究人员来说,都有一个好消息:苏格兰圣安德鲁斯大学自然地理学荣誉退休教授Colin Kerr Ballantyne最近发表了一篇对我们冰缘环境基础知识的独特综合。本教材的编写耗时近七年,但老实说,总结他几十年来积极研究的寒区景观演变知识和经验,是一部真正的学术杰作!作为他以前的学生和副冰川作用理论的积极实践者,我很荣幸能对他的“一生成就”发表我的谦虚评论。在阅读了这本由六个部分组成的十七章的书后,第一印象是,在他的讲座中,气氛非常热烈,他总是关注“冰缘科学之父”对这一研究领域的发展,包括奥津斯基、沃什本、贾恩、皮萨特、麦凯、迪利克、弗伦奇、哈里斯和特里卡特(以及其他人)。他们还充满了来自寒冷地区的实地证据和众多例子,以及“刻板的英国人”探索自然世界和挑战棘手问题的意愿,这些问题深深植根于英美顶尖大学毕业生的学术身份。在探讨各个章节的内容之前,我想提请大家注意广泛的参考文献清单,其中包括上个世纪发表的重要论文,这些论文为那些对所选主题感兴趣的人提供了进一步的阅读。受空间和现代出版严格经济的限制,这本大部头以某种方式成功地提供了一个插图宝库,Geologos 26,1(2020):91–92 DOI:10.2478/logos-2020-0009
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Periglacial geomorphology, by Colin K. Ballantyne, 2018. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 454 pages. Paperback: price $78.00, ISBN 9781405100069.
geomorphology witness the most notable progress within the ranks of earth science disciplines. On the one hand, this results from a more widespread exchange of information on extreme processes that affect the frozen ground and cold environments, such as rapid erosion of permafrost coastlines and/or intensified activity of periglacial processes in slope and river systems. On the other hand, the majority of predictions of climate and environmental change suggest that in most polar regions and mountainous environments, including high-altitude plateaus, there will be a reduction of both permafrost and periglacial regime that control landscape development. Another issue that promotes the recent surge in periglacial studies are investigations of the planetary surface of Mars where Earth cold-region analogues are applied to describe the mechanism of extra-terrestrial landform evolution. Finally, as a result of increased ground temperatures most of the communities living in cold regions are exposed to geohazards, including destruction of infrastructure associated with permafrost degradation. Therefore, apart from traditional scientific curiosity, the newly obtained knowledge on the development of cold region geomorphology is treated as a key to reduce socio-economic implications of a non-frozen future. The dramatic changes observed in cold region landscapes demonstrate the urgent need of education and training of young generations of experts on permafrost and periglacial processes. There is good news for both current and future students and researchers: a unique synthesis of our fundamental knowledge on periglacial environments has been recently published by Colin Kerr Ballantyne, professor emeritus of physical geography at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. The writing of the present textbook took almost seven years, but, to be honest, to summarise his knowledge and experience in cold region landscape evolution, gained over several decades of active research, is a genuine academic masterpiece! As his former student and active practitioner of the paraglaciation theory developed by him to conceptualise the diversity of geomorphic processes transforming previously glaciated landscapes, I feel privileged to add my humble comments on his ‘life-time achievement’. The first impression, after having read the book of seventeen chapters in six parts, is that it comes close to the great atmosphere during his lectures which always paid respect to the development of this research field by the ‘fathers of periglacial science’, including Łoziński, Washburn, Jahn, Pissart, Mackay, Dylik, French, Harris and Tricart (and others). They were also brimming over with field evidence and numerous examples from across cold regions and that ‘stereotypical British’ will to explore the natural world and challenge difficult questions deeply rooted in academic identities of graduates from leading Anglo-American universities. Before exploring the contents of the individual chapters, I wish to draw attention to the extensive list of references which includes essential papers published during the last century, which offer further reading to those interested in the topics selected. Limited by space and the strict economy of modern publishing, the tome has somehow managed to furnish a treasure trove of illustrations, Geologos 26, 1 (2020): 91–92 DOI: 10.2478/logos-2020-0009
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来源期刊
Geologos
Geologos GEOLOGY-
CiteScore
1.70
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