Shannon M. McGinnis , Tucker Burch , Heather M. Murphy
{"title":"评估因休闲暴露于费城合流下水道溢流影响的水域而获得急性胃肠道疾病(AGI)的风险:一项定量微生物风险评估","authors":"Shannon M. McGinnis , Tucker Burch , Heather M. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.mran.2021.100189","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are known contributors of human fecal pollution in urban waterways. Exposure to these waterways occurs during recreational activities, including swimming, wading, and fishing. This study used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to estimate the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) due to recreation during CSO-impacted (< 24 h after a CSO) and non-impacted (> 24 h after a CSO) conditions. Water samples (<em>n</em> = 69) were collected from two creeks and one river in Philadelphia from June–August 2017–2019. HF183 concentrations were measured to estimate concentrations of five reference pathogens: <em>Cryptosporidium, Giardia</em>, norovirus, <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7, and <em>Salmonella</em>. Observational data on the types and frequency of recreational exposures were also collected. Results found that recreating < 24 h after a CSO increased AGI risk by 39–75%, compared to recreating > 24 h after a CSO. However, estimated health risks were still high for some exposure scenarios that occurred > 24 h after a CSO. Crudes estimates determined that recreational activities along known CSO-impacted sites may account for 1–8% of all cases of salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis in the city of Philadelphia. Findings support risk reduction strategies that aim to reduce the frequency of CSOs in urban settings and may help target risk mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48593,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Risk Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352221000311/pdfft?md5=7fade244a857501e203726d8aa843089&pid=1-s2.0-S2352352221000311-main.pdf","citationCount":"6","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessing the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) acquired through recreational exposure to combined sewer overflow-impacted waters in Philadelphia: A quantitative microbial risk assessment\",\"authors\":\"Shannon M. McGinnis , Tucker Burch , Heather M. Murphy\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.mran.2021.100189\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are known contributors of human fecal pollution in urban waterways. Exposure to these waterways occurs during recreational activities, including swimming, wading, and fishing. This study used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to estimate the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) due to recreation during CSO-impacted (< 24 h after a CSO) and non-impacted (> 24 h after a CSO) conditions. Water samples (<em>n</em> = 69) were collected from two creeks and one river in Philadelphia from June–August 2017–2019. HF183 concentrations were measured to estimate concentrations of five reference pathogens: <em>Cryptosporidium, Giardia</em>, norovirus, <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7, and <em>Salmonella</em>. Observational data on the types and frequency of recreational exposures were also collected. Results found that recreating < 24 h after a CSO increased AGI risk by 39–75%, compared to recreating > 24 h after a CSO. However, estimated health risks were still high for some exposure scenarios that occurred > 24 h after a CSO. Crudes estimates determined that recreational activities along known CSO-impacted sites may account for 1–8% of all cases of salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis in the city of Philadelphia. Findings support risk reduction strategies that aim to reduce the frequency of CSOs in urban settings and may help target risk mitigation strategies.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48593,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microbial Risk Analysis\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352221000311/pdfft?md5=7fade244a857501e203726d8aa843089&pid=1-s2.0-S2352352221000311-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"6\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microbial Risk Analysis\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352221000311\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbial Risk Analysis","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352221000311","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) acquired through recreational exposure to combined sewer overflow-impacted waters in Philadelphia: A quantitative microbial risk assessment
Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are known contributors of human fecal pollution in urban waterways. Exposure to these waterways occurs during recreational activities, including swimming, wading, and fishing. This study used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to estimate the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) due to recreation during CSO-impacted (< 24 h after a CSO) and non-impacted (> 24 h after a CSO) conditions. Water samples (n = 69) were collected from two creeks and one river in Philadelphia from June–August 2017–2019. HF183 concentrations were measured to estimate concentrations of five reference pathogens: Cryptosporidium, Giardia, norovirus, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella. Observational data on the types and frequency of recreational exposures were also collected. Results found that recreating < 24 h after a CSO increased AGI risk by 39–75%, compared to recreating > 24 h after a CSO. However, estimated health risks were still high for some exposure scenarios that occurred > 24 h after a CSO. Crudes estimates determined that recreational activities along known CSO-impacted sites may account for 1–8% of all cases of salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis in the city of Philadelphia. Findings support risk reduction strategies that aim to reduce the frequency of CSOs in urban settings and may help target risk mitigation strategies.
期刊介绍:
The journal Microbial Risk Analysis accepts articles dealing with the study of risk analysis applied to microbial hazards. Manuscripts should at least cover any of the components of risk assessment (risk characterization, exposure assessment, etc.), risk management and/or risk communication in any microbiology field (clinical, environmental, food, veterinary, etc.). This journal also accepts article dealing with predictive microbiology, quantitative microbial ecology, mathematical modeling, risk studies applied to microbial ecology, quantitative microbiology for epidemiological studies, statistical methods applied to microbiology, and laws and regulatory policies aimed at lessening the risk of microbial hazards. Work focusing on risk studies of viruses, parasites, microbial toxins, antimicrobial resistant organisms, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and recombinant DNA products are also acceptable.