人格特质中的绝对主义、相对主义和普遍主义:以五大人格特质为例

IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
A. Thalmayer, G. Saucier, Julia S. Rotzinger
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引用次数: 5

摘要

人格是一个广泛的概念,用来组织人们在心理上的无数差异。有证据表明,这种差异对世界各地的人类都很重要,因为所有已知的语言中都出现了与个性相关的术语。识别最有用的个体差异及其结构的实证尝试强调了跨文化证据,但严格遵守五大模型有时意味着忽略异质性结果。我们从一个框架开始,更准确地定义人格概念和模型的普遍性与文化特异性,以便更好地评估跨文化证据。由于IACCP成立50周年,也是第一个大型人格词汇研究和或多或少的五大模式的50周年,我们借此机会探索了如何使用词汇方法在不同背景下研究人格,以及在JCCP页面上发现的100篇关于人格主题的文章中(大多数使用问卷)。JCCP中的人格文章根据其主位成分和主位成分的平衡分为三类,说明了人格心理学的更大趋势。有了后见之明,我们反思了每种类型在未来的发展中所能提供的东西,我们鼓励跨文化人格心理学家超越那些主要寻求在其他背景下证实西方模式的强加的遗传学研究。强调了更综合的主位和主位方法可以为跨文化心理学研究带来的见解,并提出了未来的研究议程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Absolutism, Relativism, and Universalism in Personality Traits Across Cultures: The Case of the Big Five
Personality is a broad concept used to organize the myriad ways that people differ psychologically from one another. There is evidence that such differences have been important to humans everywhere, in that personality-relevant terms appear in all known languages. Empirical attempts to identify the most useful individual differences and their structure have emphasized cross-cultural evidence, but rigid adherence to a Big Five model has sometimes meant ignoring heterogenous results. We start with a framework for more precisely defining the universality versus cultural-specificity of personality concepts and models in order to better assess cross-cultural evidence. As this 50th anniversary of the IACCP is also the 50th anniversary of the first large lexical study of personality and more or less of the Big Five model, we take the opportunity to explore both how personality has been studied across contexts using the lexical method, and in 100 articles on personality topics (most using questionnaires) that were identified in the pages of JCCP. Personality articles in JCCP, classified into three types based on their balance of emic and etic components, illustrate larger trends in personality psychology. With the benefit of hindsight, we reflect on what each type has to offer going forward, and we encourage cross-cultural personality psychologists to go beyond imposed etic studies that seek primarily to confirm Western models in other contexts. The kinds of insights that more integrative emic and etic approaches can bring to the study of psychology across cultures are highlighted, and a future research agenda is provided.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
6.70%
发文量
69
期刊介绍: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology publishes papers that focus on the interrelationships between culture and psychological processes. Submitted manuscripts may report results from either cross-cultural comparative research or results from other types of research concerning the ways in which culture (and related concepts such as ethnicity) affect the thinking and behavior of individuals as well as how individual thought and behavior define and reflect aspects of culture. Review papers and innovative reformulations of cross-cultural theory will also be considered. Studies reporting data from within a single nation should focus on cross-cultural perspective. Empirical studies must be described in sufficient detail to be potentially replicable.
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