Multiple Attribution of Conduct in EU Security Missions

The paper explores the question of multiple attribution of conduct in the framework of EU security missions. Considering the lack of special rules of the EU on attribution of conduct in the course of Common Security and Defence Policy missions, normative references can be found in the 2011 Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, in particular Article 7 establishing the concept of effective control exercised by the organization over the conduct, as well as in the 2001 Articles on the Responsibility of States, with regard to participating states and conduct of their organs. Several circumstances can be assumed where multiple attribution of conduct applies in such a scenario. This in turn would guarantee a higher degree of accountability and legal certainty, but it is first necessary for jurisprudence to move more decisively in this direction.