过去800年来巴西塞拉多东北部火灾活动和生物多样性的变化

IF 3.3 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Sergio Augusto Santos Xavier , Francisca Soares de Araújo , Marie Pierre Ledru
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引用次数: 1

摘要

了解植被动态对解释不同降水制度和土地利用情景下的长期生态变化至关重要。近几个世纪以来,巴西东北部一直受到气候和人为干扰的影响。本文介绍了在塞特Cidades国家公园塞拉多过渡带采集的SAC18沉积物岩心的高分辨率记录。基于花粉、木炭和颗粒大小的多代理分析表明,塞拉多的景观在800年的干湿间隔期间发生了重构。记录的开始是一个干旱的时期,一个抗旱分类群Curatella(野生腰果树)的存在证明了这一点,并且与中世纪气候异常(公元950-1250年)相吻合。公元1210年至1300年期间几乎没有观察到火灾活动,这与干旱时期人类活动减少有关。随着棕榈沼泽和与水分相关的树/草本类群Myrtaceae和Spathiphyllum的扩张,一个湿润期开始于公元1400年,与小冰期(公元1400 - 1700年)同步。在湿期开始时,生物质燃烧的减少和森林砍伐的减少在公元1650年之后转变为广泛的火灾和森林砍伐,从而可以确定欧洲殖民者到达Piauí州北部的时间。公元1961年,塞特Cidades国家公园建立后,火灾停止了,导致塞拉多树木覆盖范围的扩大。这项研究提供了关于塞拉多东北部过去人类活动的新知识,这些活动由三种类型的土地使用实践(土著、殖民者和保护政策)定义,并强调了在未来的保护方案中包括景观历史方面的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Changes in fire activity and biodiversity in a Northeast Brazilian Cerrado over the last 800 years

Understanding vegetation dynamics is essential to interpret long-term ecological changes under different precipitation regimes and land use scenarios. Northeastern Brazil has been subjected to both climatic and anthropic disturbances in recent centuries. This paper presents a high-resolution record from the SAC18 sediment core, collected in a Cerrado ecotone in the Sete Cidades National Park. Multiproxy analyses based on pollen, charcoal and grain size showed the Cerrado landscape was restructured during dry and wet intervals over a period of 800 years. The beginning of the record was marked by a dry episode, testified by the presence of a drought resistant taxon Curatella (wild cashew tree) and coincided with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950–1250 CE). Almost no fire activity was observed between 1210 and 1300 CE, linked to reduced human presence during this dry period. A wetter interval began in 1400 CE, with expansion of the palm swamp and the moisture-related tree/herbaceous taxa Myrtaceae and Spathiphyllum, which was synchronous with the Little Ice Age (1400–1700 CE). Reduced burning of biomass and the absence of deforestation at the beginning of the wet interval changed to extensive fires and deforestation after 1650 CE, enabling dating of the arrival of European colonists in the north of Piauí State. Fires stopped after the creation of Sete Cidades National Park in 1961 CE, resulting in the expansion of the Cerrado arboreal cover. This study provides new knowledge about past human occupation of the Northeastern Cerrado, defined by three types of land use practices (indigenous, colonist and protection policy), and underlines the importance of including historical aspects of the landscape in future conservation scenarios.

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来源期刊
Anthropocene
Anthropocene Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
审稿时长
102 days
期刊介绍: Anthropocene is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes peer-reviewed works addressing the nature, scale, and extent of interactions that people have with Earth processes and systems. The scope of the journal includes the significance of human activities in altering Earth’s landscapes, oceans, the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems over a range of time and space scales - from global phenomena over geologic eras to single isolated events - including the linkages, couplings, and feedbacks among physical, chemical, and biological components of Earth systems. The journal also addresses how such alterations can have profound effects on, and implications for, human society. As the scale and pace of human interactions with Earth systems have intensified in recent decades, understanding human-induced alterations in the past and present is critical to our ability to anticipate, mitigate, and adapt to changes in the future. The journal aims to provide a venue to focus research findings, discussions, and debates toward advancing predictive understanding of human interactions with Earth systems - one of the grand challenges of our time.
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