运动和锻炼环境中的自主性支持：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 6.4 2区心理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI:10.1080/1750984x.2022.2031252

Lara H. Mossman, G. Slemp, Kelsey J. Lewis, R. Colla, P. O’Halloran

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引用次数: 21

摘要

根据自主理论（SDT）和131个独立样本（N=38844）的1320个相关性数据库，我们对运动和锻炼环境中的教练自主支持进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。结果显示，自主支持与运动员的幸福感呈正相关，与痛苦呈负相关。与SDT一致，元分析相关性在自主形式的运动员动机中最强（ρ=.39），在受控形式的动机中较弱（内向调节ρ=.16，外部调节ρ=−.01），在动机中呈负相关（ρ=−.19），自主支持与运动员基本心理需求的其他氛围或行为支持之间的相关性和非常强的关联性：能力支持；关联支持；结构参与；以及涉及任务的气候。影响不受文化的调节，集体主义和个人主义文化通常产生强烈的影响（ρ≥.35），这为SDT中自治支持的普遍利益的假设提供了支持。不同运动类型的影响也不尽相同。我们讨论了这篇综述的含义，并建议教练的自主支持与支持自主动机、基本心理需求和幸福感的环境是一致的。内在动机），与外部调节的相关性较低，与失活呈负相关。支持将表现出与SDT主张一致的主要影响关联：积极与基本需求、幸福感，消极与疾病和需求挫折感。我们预计，自主性支持将预测所有三种基本需求，而不仅仅是自主性，因为自主性支持使自治行为成为可能，使人们能够寻求并满足所有三种需求，包括能力和相关性（Bartholomew等人，Ryan&

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Autonomy support in sport and exercise settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Drawing from self-determination theory (SDT) and a database of 1,320 correlations across 131 independent samples ( N = 38,844), we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of coach autonomy support in sport and exercise settings. Results showed autonomy support was strongly positively associated with athlete well-being and negatively associated with distress. Consistent with SDT, meta-analyzed correlations were strongest for autonomous forms of athlete motivation ( ρ = .39) and weaker for controlled forms of motivation (introjected regulation ρ = .16, external regulation ρ = − .01), and negative with amotivation ( ρ = − .19). We found strong positive associations between autonomy support and athlete basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and very strong associations between autonomy support and other climate or behavioral supports for athlete basic psychological needs: competence support; relatedness support; structure; involvement; and task- involving climates. E ﬀ ects were not moderated by culture, with collectivist and individualist cultures generally yielding e ﬀ ects in the strong range ( ρ ≥ .35), providing support for the assumption within SDT of universal bene ﬁ ts of autonomy support. E ﬀ ects were also not moderated across types of sport. We discuss implications of the review and suggest coach autonomy support is consistent with environments supporting autonomous motivation, basic psychological needs, and well-being. intrinsic motivation), less related to external regulation, and negatively associated with amotivation. support will exhibit main e ﬀ ect associations consistent with SDT propositions: positive with basic needs, well-being, and negatively with ill-being and need frustration. We expect that autonomy support will predict all three basic needs — not just autonomy — because self-governed behaviors made possible by autonomy support allow people to seek out and ﬁ nd ful ﬁ lment across all three needs, including competence and relatedness (Bartholomew al., Ryan &

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来源期刊

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology Multiple-

CiteScore

17.30

自引率

9.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology is the first scholarly, peer-reviewed journal that publishes critical reviews of research literature in sport and exercise psychology. Typically, these reviews evaluate relevant conceptual and methodological issues in the field and provide a critique of the strengths and weaknesses of empirical studies that address common themes or hypotheses. The reviews present summaries of, and conclusions about, the current state of knowledge concerning topics of interest, as well as assessments of relevant unresolved issues and future trends. Reviews of research literature on theories, topics and issues that are at the interface with mainstream psychology are especially welcome.