Kilonovae

IF 26.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS
Brian D. Metzger
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引用次数: 159

摘要

双中子星(NS-NS)和黑洞(BH) -NS双星的合并是高级LIGO/室女座和未来地面探测器引力波(GW)的主要来源。这些事件释放出的富含中子的物质在解压到太空时经历了快中子捕获(r-process)核合成,使我们的宇宙充满了稀有的重元素,如金和铂。这些不稳定原子核的放射性衰变为一种快速发展的、近似各向同性的热瞬变提供动力,称为“千新星”,它探测合并期间及其后果的物理条件。在这里,我回顾了千新星的历史和物理,导致了目前的范例,即从喷射物的无镧成分在光学波长上的日尺度发射,随后是为期一周的近红外(NIR)光谱峰值发射。这些理论预测,在这篇综述的原始版本中被编译,在很大程度上被LIGO/Virgo发现的第一次NS-NS合并的瞬态光学/近红外对应物GW170817所证实。用一个简单的光曲线模型来说明基本的物理过程及其在GW170817上的应用,然后我介绍了在未来合并中可能观察到的标准图像的重要变化。这些包括\(\sim \)小时的紫外线前体发射,由最外层抛射层中自由中子的衰变或由延迟的超相对论性流出对抛射物进行冲击加热提供动力;以及来自长寿命中心引擎(如吸积黑洞或毫秒磁星)的亮度增强。GW和kilonova对GW170817和未来事件的联合观测为约束r过程元素的天体物理起源和致密核物质的状态方程提供了新的途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Kilonovae

Kilonovae

The coalescence of double neutron star (NS–NS) and black hole (BH)–NS binaries are prime sources of gravitational waves (GW) for Advanced LIGO/Virgo and future ground-based detectors. Neutron-rich matter released from such events undergoes rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis as it decompresses into space, enriching our universe with rare heavy elements like gold and platinum. Radioactive decay of these unstable nuclei powers a rapidly evolving, approximately isotropic thermal transient known as a “kilonova”, which probes the physical conditions during the merger and its aftermath. Here I review the history and physics of kilonovae, leading to the current paradigm of day-timescale emission at optical wavelengths from lanthanide-free components of the ejecta, followed by week-long emission with a spectral peak in the near-infrared (NIR). These theoretical predictions, as compiled in the original version of this review, were largely confirmed by the transient optical/NIR counterpart discovered to the first NS–NS merger, GW170817, discovered by LIGO/Virgo. Using a simple light curve model to illustrate the essential physical processes and their application to GW170817, I then introduce important variations about the standard picture which may be observable in future mergers. These include \(\sim \)hour-long UV precursor emission, powered by the decay of free neutrons in the outermost ejecta layers or shock-heating of the ejecta by a delayed ultra-relativistic outflow; and enhancement of the luminosity from a long-lived central engine, such as an accreting BH or millisecond magnetar. Joint GW and kilonova observations of GW170817 and future events provide a new avenue to constrain the astrophysical origin of the r-process elements and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter.

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来源期刊
Living Reviews in Relativity
Living Reviews in Relativity 物理-物理:粒子与场物理
CiteScore
69.90
自引率
0.70%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Living Reviews in Relativity is a peer-reviewed, platinum open-access journal that publishes reviews of research across all areas of relativity. Directed towards the scientific community at or above the graduate-student level, articles are solicited from leading authorities and provide critical assessments of current research. They offer annotated insights into key literature and describe available resources, maintaining an up-to-date suite of high-quality reviews, thus embodying the "living" aspect of the journal's title. Serving as a valuable tool for the scientific community, Living Reviews in Relativity is often the first stop for researchers seeking information on current work in relativity. Written by experts, the reviews cite, explain, and assess the most relevant resources in a given field, evaluating existing work and suggesting areas for further research. Attracting readers from the entire relativity community, the journal is useful for graduate students conducting literature surveys, researchers seeking the latest results in unfamiliar fields, and lecturers in need of information and visual materials for presentations at all levels.
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