{"title":"雷洛昔芬纳米结构脂质载体的制备和表征,用于渗透和吸收增强应用。","authors":"Anju Sharma, Jarriaun Streets, Priyanka Bhatt, Pranav Patel, V. Sutariya, Sheeba Varghese Gupta","doi":"10.1089/adt.2022.004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Raloxifene (RLX), a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) having an estrogenic effect on the bone and an antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium and breast. Low solubility, high permeability, high metabolism, and low bioavailability are the characteristics of raloxifene. Although 60% is absorbed orally, raloxifene shows extremely poor bioavailability (2%) owing to its low solubility and extensive (>90%) intestinal/hepatic first-pass metabolism. Hence, it becomes important to increase the solubility of raloxifene to enhance its bioavailability. In this study, raloxifene nanostructured lipid carriers (RNLCs) were prepared using the melt dispersion ultrasonication method. The prepared RNLCs were characterized, and the in vitro studies were carried out in the human epithelial breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The RNLCs had a size of 114.8 ± 0.98 nm and a zeta potential of +9.21 ± 0.58 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed particle size ranging from 65 to 120 nm. With an entrapment efficiency of 75.04% ± 2.75%, the RNLCs showed sustained release over 7 days compared with the raloxifene drug solution. The prepared RNLCs were successfully taken up by the MCF-7 cells in a time-dependent manner, and the RNLCs showed increased cell cytotoxicity compared with the raloxifene drug. Using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), the permeability rate for raloxifene solution was calculated to be 8 × 10-6 cm/s, and for the RNLCs, it was calculated to be 17.8 × 10-6 cm/s. Hence, from the permeability rate calculated, we could conclude that raloxifene, when formulated as nanostructured lipid carriers, showed increased permeability. Overall, the prepared RNLCs were found to be superior to the raloxifene drug as such.","PeriodicalId":8586,"journal":{"name":"Assay and drug development technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Formulation and Characterization of Raloxifene Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Permeability and Uptake Enhancement Applications.\",\"authors\":\"Anju Sharma, Jarriaun Streets, Priyanka Bhatt, Pranav Patel, V. Sutariya, Sheeba Varghese Gupta\",\"doi\":\"10.1089/adt.2022.004\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Raloxifene (RLX), a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) having an estrogenic effect on the bone and an antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium and breast. Low solubility, high permeability, high metabolism, and low bioavailability are the characteristics of raloxifene. Although 60% is absorbed orally, raloxifene shows extremely poor bioavailability (2%) owing to its low solubility and extensive (>90%) intestinal/hepatic first-pass metabolism. Hence, it becomes important to increase the solubility of raloxifene to enhance its bioavailability. In this study, raloxifene nanostructured lipid carriers (RNLCs) were prepared using the melt dispersion ultrasonication method. The prepared RNLCs were characterized, and the in vitro studies were carried out in the human epithelial breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The RNLCs had a size of 114.8 ± 0.98 nm and a zeta potential of +9.21 ± 0.58 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed particle size ranging from 65 to 120 nm. With an entrapment efficiency of 75.04% ± 2.75%, the RNLCs showed sustained release over 7 days compared with the raloxifene drug solution. The prepared RNLCs were successfully taken up by the MCF-7 cells in a time-dependent manner, and the RNLCs showed increased cell cytotoxicity compared with the raloxifene drug. Using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), the permeability rate for raloxifene solution was calculated to be 8 × 10-6 cm/s, and for the RNLCs, it was calculated to be 17.8 × 10-6 cm/s. Hence, from the permeability rate calculated, we could conclude that raloxifene, when formulated as nanostructured lipid carriers, showed increased permeability. Overall, the prepared RNLCs were found to be superior to the raloxifene drug as such.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8586,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Assay and drug development technologies\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-05-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Assay and drug development technologies\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2022.004\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Assay and drug development technologies","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2022.004","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Formulation and Characterization of Raloxifene Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Permeability and Uptake Enhancement Applications.
Raloxifene (RLX), a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) having an estrogenic effect on the bone and an antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium and breast. Low solubility, high permeability, high metabolism, and low bioavailability are the characteristics of raloxifene. Although 60% is absorbed orally, raloxifene shows extremely poor bioavailability (2%) owing to its low solubility and extensive (>90%) intestinal/hepatic first-pass metabolism. Hence, it becomes important to increase the solubility of raloxifene to enhance its bioavailability. In this study, raloxifene nanostructured lipid carriers (RNLCs) were prepared using the melt dispersion ultrasonication method. The prepared RNLCs were characterized, and the in vitro studies were carried out in the human epithelial breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The RNLCs had a size of 114.8 ± 0.98 nm and a zeta potential of +9.21 ± 0.58 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed particle size ranging from 65 to 120 nm. With an entrapment efficiency of 75.04% ± 2.75%, the RNLCs showed sustained release over 7 days compared with the raloxifene drug solution. The prepared RNLCs were successfully taken up by the MCF-7 cells in a time-dependent manner, and the RNLCs showed increased cell cytotoxicity compared with the raloxifene drug. Using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), the permeability rate for raloxifene solution was calculated to be 8 × 10-6 cm/s, and for the RNLCs, it was calculated to be 17.8 × 10-6 cm/s. Hence, from the permeability rate calculated, we could conclude that raloxifene, when formulated as nanostructured lipid carriers, showed increased permeability. Overall, the prepared RNLCs were found to be superior to the raloxifene drug as such.
期刊介绍:
ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies provides access to novel techniques and robust tools that enable critical advances in early-stage screening. This research published in the Journal leads to important therapeutics and platforms for drug discovery and development. This reputable peer-reviewed journal features original papers application-oriented technology reviews, topical issues on novel and burgeoning areas of research, and reports in methodology and technology application.
ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies coverage includes:
-Assay design, target development, and high-throughput technologies-
Hit to Lead optimization and medicinal chemistry through preclinical candidate selection-
Lab automation, sample management, bioinformatics, data mining, virtual screening, and data analysis-
Approaches to assays configured for gene families, inherited, and infectious diseases-
Assays and strategies for adapting model organisms to drug discovery-
The use of stem cells as models of disease-
Translation of phenotypic outputs to target identification-
Exploration and mechanistic studies of the technical basis for assay and screening artifacts