泰勒主义来到田野:劳工控制、劳工供给、劳工过程,以及加州农业企业福特主义的黄昏

IF 7.2 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
D. Mitchell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当1964年“客工计划”结束时,加州农业企业似乎面临着劳工危机。种植者失去了获得大量基本上不自由的劳动力的机会,(因此)这些领域的工会化正在上升。因此,加州大学各个农业部门的研究人员开始了一项广泛的努力,通过开发劳动辅助工具来重新设计农场劳动过程;修剪、间伐和收割任务的机械化;重新设计水果和蔬菜;以及广泛的时间运动研究。这篇文章追溯了这些努力,并利用它们的历史来论证劳动和经济地理学家应该把注意力集中在劳动过程的斗争如何经常是关于塑造和部署劳动力供应的能力的斗争,而不仅仅是关于如何在车间(或者在这种情况下,在田地里)组织工作。更广泛地说,这篇文章认为,关注劳动过程中创新的细粒度细节对于全面理解农业综合企业格局的根本变革至关重要。因此,这篇文章解释了为什么一组创新,这些当代分析家认为会导致农业采用更像传统的福特工业的劳动关系,实际上为一组比以前更高度随意化的剥削关系铺平了道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Taylorism Comes to the Fields: Labor Control, Labor Supply, Labor Process, and the Twilight of Fordism in California Agribusiness
Abstract When the Bracero (guest worker) Program ended in 1964, California agribusiness seemed to be facing a labor crisis. Growers had lost access to a large pool of essentially unfree labor, and (consequently) unionization in the fields was on the rise. As a result, researchers in the various agricultural divisions of the University of California embarked on a broad effort to reengineer the farm labor process through the development of labor aids; mechanization of pruning, thinning, and harvesting tasks; redesigning fruits and vegetables; and extensive time-motion studies. This article traces these efforts and uses their history to argue that labor and economic geographers should focus attention on how struggles over the labor process are frequently struggles over the ability to shape and deploy the labor supply and not only matters of how work is organized on the shop floor (or in this case, in the fields). More broadly, the article argues that focus on the fine-grained details of innovation in the labor process is vital for a full understanding of fundamental transformations in the agribusiness landscape. As a consequence, the article explains why a set of innovations, which contemporary analysts figured would lead to agriculture adopting labor relations much more like those in more traditionally Fordist industries, actually paved the way for a set of even more highly casualized, exploitative relations than had existed heretofore.
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来源期刊
Economic Geography
Economic Geography Multiple-
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing original research that advances the field of economic geography. Their goal is to publish high-quality studies that are both theoretically robust and grounded in empirical evidence, contributing to our understanding of the geographic factors and consequences of economic processes. It welcome submissions on a wide range of topics that provide primary evidence for significant theoretical interventions, offering key insights into important economic, social, development, and environmental issues. To ensure the highest quality publications, all submissions undergo a rigorous peer-review process with at least three external referees and an editor. Economic Geography has been owned by Clark University since 1925 and plays a central role in supporting the global activities of the field, providing publications and other forms of scholarly support. The journal is published five times a year in January, March, June, August, and November.
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