乌克兰奶牛养殖的风险及其最小化和中和方法

IF 0.4 Q4 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
O. Varchenko, V. Radko, O. Rudych, I. Svynous, K. Tkachenko
{"title":"乌克兰奶牛养殖的风险及其最小化和中和方法","authors":"O. Varchenko, V. Radko, O. Rudych, I. Svynous, K. Tkachenko","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP6.01.041","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify the main types of risks, remarkable for agricultural dairy production, to evaluate the consequences of their increase and to substantiate a comprehensive system of managing them on the level of enterprise which would promote their minimization and neutralization. Methods. Common methods and techniques were applied in the study: a combination of scientifi c techniques of abstract-logical method of elaborating theoretical provisions, deduction method while isolating specifi c risks in dairy farming from the total amount, empirical methods of investigating the activity of dairy enterprises and computer generated simulation while substantiating practical instruments of risk management in agricultural dairy production. The correlation-regression analysis was used for statistical processing of the data and study results. Results. During the investigation the following kinds of risks in dairy production were isolated: natural, ecological, technological, market-related risks. The natural risk is related to the environmental impact, fi rst and foremost, to the change in temperature regime of the environment of keeping cows, ecological component of manure utilization. The technological risk is characterized by violating the conditions of keeping cows at farms, which is manifested via loss and disposal of cows from the core herd. It has been found that currently the distribution of diseases, i.e. epizootic situation in the country, presents increased risk for farms. One of the ways to neutralize and minimize the manifestation of technological risks is improving biosafety of stock breeding complexes and developing the insurance of livestock. In addition to risks of diseases (infectious, invasion, non-contagious) and other standard risks (fi re, natural disasters, etc.), it is reasonable to insure against the following kinds of risks: interrupted production (caused by death or loss of insured animals), after which current expenses for renewal of production or forfeited profi t would be reimbursed automatically or after submission of confi rmation documents; transportation of animals, including sea, air, and railway travel; expenses to remove the remains of animals after the insured event which caused their death; reimbursing the expenses for elimination of consequences, caused by infectious diseases, which made it impossible to renew the production without prior applica- tion of disinfectants. While evaluating market-related risks, special attention should be given to the relations of producers and processors of milk. Market risks are closely related to technological risks, as milk quality has a decisive impact on the formation of procurement prices. Conclusions. The systematization of risks in dairy farming should be performed in accordance to the total system of their manifestation and to specialized identifi cation which characterizes specifi cities of this sphere. The probability of most risks, occurring in dairy production, is considerably dependent on the effi ciency of managers of agricultural enterprises and partially on legislative and executive branches of power (in the part of legisla- tive provisions). Currently the mitigation of environmental risks is possible only on condition of searching for internal reserves of ensuring the stability of dairy farming, which envisages creating conditions for production of high quality milk, minimization of expenses for its production and sale, compliance with agreements with contractors.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"8","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Risks of dairy farming in Ukraine and ways of their minimization and neutralization\",\"authors\":\"O. Varchenko, V. Radko, O. Rudych, I. Svynous, K. Tkachenko\",\"doi\":\"10.15407/AGRISP6.01.041\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Aim. To identify the main types of risks, remarkable for agricultural dairy production, to evaluate the consequences of their increase and to substantiate a comprehensive system of managing them on the level of enterprise which would promote their minimization and neutralization. Methods. Common methods and techniques were applied in the study: a combination of scientifi c techniques of abstract-logical method of elaborating theoretical provisions, deduction method while isolating specifi c risks in dairy farming from the total amount, empirical methods of investigating the activity of dairy enterprises and computer generated simulation while substantiating practical instruments of risk management in agricultural dairy production. The correlation-regression analysis was used for statistical processing of the data and study results. Results. During the investigation the following kinds of risks in dairy production were isolated: natural, ecological, technological, market-related risks. The natural risk is related to the environmental impact, fi rst and foremost, to the change in temperature regime of the environment of keeping cows, ecological component of manure utilization. The technological risk is characterized by violating the conditions of keeping cows at farms, which is manifested via loss and disposal of cows from the core herd. It has been found that currently the distribution of diseases, i.e. epizootic situation in the country, presents increased risk for farms. One of the ways to neutralize and minimize the manifestation of technological risks is improving biosafety of stock breeding complexes and developing the insurance of livestock. In addition to risks of diseases (infectious, invasion, non-contagious) and other standard risks (fi re, natural disasters, etc.), it is reasonable to insure against the following kinds of risks: interrupted production (caused by death or loss of insured animals), after which current expenses for renewal of production or forfeited profi t would be reimbursed automatically or after submission of confi rmation documents; transportation of animals, including sea, air, and railway travel; expenses to remove the remains of animals after the insured event which caused their death; reimbursing the expenses for elimination of consequences, caused by infectious diseases, which made it impossible to renew the production without prior applica- tion of disinfectants. While evaluating market-related risks, special attention should be given to the relations of producers and processors of milk. Market risks are closely related to technological risks, as milk quality has a decisive impact on the formation of procurement prices. Conclusions. The systematization of risks in dairy farming should be performed in accordance to the total system of their manifestation and to specialized identifi cation which characterizes specifi cities of this sphere. The probability of most risks, occurring in dairy production, is considerably dependent on the effi ciency of managers of agricultural enterprises and partially on legislative and executive branches of power (in the part of legisla- tive provisions). Currently the mitigation of environmental risks is possible only on condition of searching for internal reserves of ensuring the stability of dairy farming, which envisages creating conditions for production of high quality milk, minimization of expenses for its production and sale, compliance with agreements with contractors.\",\"PeriodicalId\":55933,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agricultural Science and Practice\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-05-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"8\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agricultural Science and Practice\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP6.01.041\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agricultural Science and Practice","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP6.01.041","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8

摘要

的目标。识别农业乳制品生产中显著的主要风险类型,评估其增加的后果,并在企业层面建立一个全面的管理系统,以促进将风险最小化和消除。方法。本研究采用了常用的方法和技术:结合科学的抽象逻辑方法,阐述理论规定;结合推导方法,将奶牛养殖中的具体风险从总量中分离出来;结合实证方法,调查奶牛企业的活动;结合计算机生成模拟,证实农业乳制品生产中风险管理的实用工具。采用相关回归分析对数据和研究结果进行统计处理。结果。在调查过程中,分离出了乳制品生产中的自然风险、生态风险、技术风险和市场风险。自然风险与环境影响有关,首先与养牛环境的温度变化、粪便利用的生态成分有关。技术风险的特征是违反了农场饲养奶牛的条件,表现为核心牛群中的奶牛的损失和处置。人们发现,目前疾病的分布,即该国的动物流行病,对农场构成了更大的风险。消除和减少技术风险表现形式的途径之一是提高养殖场的生物安全性,发展家畜保险。除了疾病风险(传染性、入侵性、非传染性)和其他标准风险(火灾、自然灾害等)外,合理投保以下风险:生产中断(因被保险动物死亡或损失),此后,更新生产或没收利润的当期费用将自动或在提交确认文件后报销;动物运输,包括海运、空运和铁路运输;(二)动物死亡事故发生后清理动物遗体的费用;报销消除传染病造成的后果的费用,这些后果使不事先使用消毒剂就无法恢复生产。在评估与市场有关的风险时,应特别注意牛奶生产者和加工者之间的关系。市场风险与技术风险密切相关,因为牛奶质量对采购价格的形成具有决定性影响。结论。奶牛养殖风险的系统化应根据其表现的总体系统和具有该领域特定城市特征的专业识别来进行。乳制品生产中发生的大多数风险的可能性在很大程度上取决于农业企业管理人员的效率,部分取决于立法和行政权力部门(就立法规定而言)。目前,减轻环境风险只有在寻求内部储备、确保奶牛场稳定的条件下才有可能,这包括为生产高质量牛奶创造条件、尽量减少生产和销售费用、遵守与承包商的协议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Risks of dairy farming in Ukraine and ways of their minimization and neutralization
Aim. To identify the main types of risks, remarkable for agricultural dairy production, to evaluate the consequences of their increase and to substantiate a comprehensive system of managing them on the level of enterprise which would promote their minimization and neutralization. Methods. Common methods and techniques were applied in the study: a combination of scientifi c techniques of abstract-logical method of elaborating theoretical provisions, deduction method while isolating specifi c risks in dairy farming from the total amount, empirical methods of investigating the activity of dairy enterprises and computer generated simulation while substantiating practical instruments of risk management in agricultural dairy production. The correlation-regression analysis was used for statistical processing of the data and study results. Results. During the investigation the following kinds of risks in dairy production were isolated: natural, ecological, technological, market-related risks. The natural risk is related to the environmental impact, fi rst and foremost, to the change in temperature regime of the environment of keeping cows, ecological component of manure utilization. The technological risk is characterized by violating the conditions of keeping cows at farms, which is manifested via loss and disposal of cows from the core herd. It has been found that currently the distribution of diseases, i.e. epizootic situation in the country, presents increased risk for farms. One of the ways to neutralize and minimize the manifestation of technological risks is improving biosafety of stock breeding complexes and developing the insurance of livestock. In addition to risks of diseases (infectious, invasion, non-contagious) and other standard risks (fi re, natural disasters, etc.), it is reasonable to insure against the following kinds of risks: interrupted production (caused by death or loss of insured animals), after which current expenses for renewal of production or forfeited profi t would be reimbursed automatically or after submission of confi rmation documents; transportation of animals, including sea, air, and railway travel; expenses to remove the remains of animals after the insured event which caused their death; reimbursing the expenses for elimination of consequences, caused by infectious diseases, which made it impossible to renew the production without prior applica- tion of disinfectants. While evaluating market-related risks, special attention should be given to the relations of producers and processors of milk. Market risks are closely related to technological risks, as milk quality has a decisive impact on the formation of procurement prices. Conclusions. The systematization of risks in dairy farming should be performed in accordance to the total system of their manifestation and to specialized identifi cation which characterizes specifi cities of this sphere. The probability of most risks, occurring in dairy production, is considerably dependent on the effi ciency of managers of agricultural enterprises and partially on legislative and executive branches of power (in the part of legisla- tive provisions). Currently the mitigation of environmental risks is possible only on condition of searching for internal reserves of ensuring the stability of dairy farming, which envisages creating conditions for production of high quality milk, minimization of expenses for its production and sale, compliance with agreements with contractors.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Agricultural Science and Practice
Agricultural Science and Practice AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
自引率
25.00%
发文量
6
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信