Kathleen V. Casto, Lindsie C. Arthur, Dave K. Hamilton, David A. Edwards
{"title":"女性的睾酮、运动环境、口服避孕药使用和竞争持久性","authors":"Kathleen V. Casto, Lindsie C. Arthur, Dave K. Hamilton, David A. Edwards","doi":"10.1007/s40750-021-00180-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive account of salivary testosterone levels in women in relation to being an athlete, sporting level, competitive context, and oral contraceptive (OC) use and, to explore the relationship between testosterone levels and performance in a task of competitive persistence.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Saliva samples were collected from teams of women athletes at the recreational, collegiate varsity, and elite-international levels, and a university participant-pool sample of athletes and non-athletes (<i>N</i> = 253). Among the elite athletes, additional saliva samples were collected before and after on- and off-field training sessions and competition. University participants competed in a timed weight-holding competition in the laboratory.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Testosterone levels were highest in elite athletes compared to university students (<i>η</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = .07) and were elevated in the context of competitive training (+13–51%) and formal competition (69%) contexts. OC users had significantly lower testosterone levels than non-users (<i>η</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = .14). For university athletes, testosterone levels were positively correlated with performance in a task of competitive persistence (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = .23). OC use was associated with lower competitive persistence (<i>d</i> = .42) – a relationship explained by OC users’ lower testosterone levels relative to non-users (<i>d</i> = 1.32).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Results suggest that salivary testosterone levels in women may depend on sport participation and OC use, are malleable to competitive contexts, and among athletes, are positively related to competitive task persistence. Given the testosterone suppressing effects of OC use, this study provides insight on psychophysiological risks of OC use that could be relevant to sport performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7178,"journal":{"name":"Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"52 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Testosterone, Athletic Context, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Competitive Persistence in Women\",\"authors\":\"Kathleen V. Casto, Lindsie C. Arthur, Dave K. Hamilton, David A. Edwards\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40750-021-00180-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive account of salivary testosterone levels in women in relation to being an athlete, sporting level, competitive context, and oral contraceptive (OC) use and, to explore the relationship between testosterone levels and performance in a task of competitive persistence.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Saliva samples were collected from teams of women athletes at the recreational, collegiate varsity, and elite-international levels, and a university participant-pool sample of athletes and non-athletes (<i>N</i> = 253). Among the elite athletes, additional saliva samples were collected before and after on- and off-field training sessions and competition. University participants competed in a timed weight-holding competition in the laboratory.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Testosterone levels were highest in elite athletes compared to university students (<i>η</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = .07) and were elevated in the context of competitive training (+13–51%) and formal competition (69%) contexts. OC users had significantly lower testosterone levels than non-users (<i>η</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = .14). For university athletes, testosterone levels were positively correlated with performance in a task of competitive persistence (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = .23). OC use was associated with lower competitive persistence (<i>d</i> = .42) – a relationship explained by OC users’ lower testosterone levels relative to non-users (<i>d</i> = 1.32).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Results suggest that salivary testosterone levels in women may depend on sport participation and OC use, are malleable to competitive contexts, and among athletes, are positively related to competitive task persistence. Given the testosterone suppressing effects of OC use, this study provides insight on psychophysiological risks of OC use that could be relevant to sport performance.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7178,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology\",\"volume\":\"8 1\",\"pages\":\"52 - 78\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-10-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"5\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40750-021-00180-6\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40750-021-00180-6","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Testosterone, Athletic Context, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Competitive Persistence in Women
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive account of salivary testosterone levels in women in relation to being an athlete, sporting level, competitive context, and oral contraceptive (OC) use and, to explore the relationship between testosterone levels and performance in a task of competitive persistence.
Methods
Saliva samples were collected from teams of women athletes at the recreational, collegiate varsity, and elite-international levels, and a university participant-pool sample of athletes and non-athletes (N = 253). Among the elite athletes, additional saliva samples were collected before and after on- and off-field training sessions and competition. University participants competed in a timed weight-holding competition in the laboratory.
Results
Testosterone levels were highest in elite athletes compared to university students (η2 = .07) and were elevated in the context of competitive training (+13–51%) and formal competition (69%) contexts. OC users had significantly lower testosterone levels than non-users (η2 = .14). For university athletes, testosterone levels were positively correlated with performance in a task of competitive persistence (R2 = .23). OC use was associated with lower competitive persistence (d = .42) – a relationship explained by OC users’ lower testosterone levels relative to non-users (d = 1.32).
Conclusions
Results suggest that salivary testosterone levels in women may depend on sport participation and OC use, are malleable to competitive contexts, and among athletes, are positively related to competitive task persistence. Given the testosterone suppressing effects of OC use, this study provides insight on psychophysiological risks of OC use that could be relevant to sport performance.
期刊介绍：
Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology is an international interdisciplinary scientific journal that publishes theoretical and empirical studies of any aspects of adaptive human behavior (e.g. cooperation, affiliation, and bonding, competition and aggression, sex and relationships, parenting, decision-making), with emphasis on studies that also address the biological (e.g. neural, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, genetic) mechanisms controlling behavior.
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