Caracterización del síndrome de Guillain-Barré en pacientes atendidos en un hospital en Colombia entre el año 2009 y el 2019

Introduction

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy in which there is a state of autoimmunity towards the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, generating a distinctive clinical picture. This pathology is associated with multiple factors.

Objective

To characterize the patients with GBS treated at the San Rafael de Tunja University Hospital between 2009 and 2019.

Methods

Analytical observational study, in patients older than 18 years with GBS treated between January 1, 2009 and September 17, 2019, with ICD-10 code G610. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, imaging, electrophysiological and therapeutic variables were evaluated.

Results

Eighty-six patients were included, 51 of them were men, presenting more frequently in people of urban origin (63.9%), low socioeconomic status (67.4%), with a history of gastrointestinal (65.1%) or respiratory disease (30.2%). Electromyography was abnormal electromyography in 84.8% of cases, 97.6% presented hyperproteinorrachia and 96.5% had cytological albumine dissociation. The evolution time was different according to the variant: 7 days for AMAN and AMSAN, 77 days for Miller Fisher and 113 days for AIDP, among others.

Conclusions

This is a pathological entity that is associated with different etiological factors such as infectious conditions, trauma, etc. It occurs most often in the male sex. The diagnostic criteria are clear and have good operational characteristics. Currently there are no studies that explain how each factor favors the presentation of GBS, so it is recommended to conduct studies of greater hierarchy to evaluate this association.