Zhicong Liu, Yongjie Zhao, Huihui Peng, Tiexuan Luo, Yang Liu
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Countercurrent chromatography: separation principle, mechanical design, development trends, and applications
Abstract Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is the separation technique based on the different partition coefficients of the sample between two immiscible solvents, which is a liquid-liquid partition without solid support in the column. In this paper, Firstly, the mechanic’s equilibrium principle of CCC is described, which includes hydrostatic equilibrium system (HSES), hydrodynamic equilibrium system (HDES), unidirectional hydrodynamic equilibrium phenomenon, etc. The separation principle of the CCC is also explained. Secondly, the mechanical structure and design of parallel-axis CCC, cross-axis CCC, oblique-axis CCC, as well as some CCC derived from the three are illustrated respectively. Finally, the existing problems for the development of CCC have been exposed, and the trend of the future development direction and applications of CCC are discussed. Graphical Abstract
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies is an internationally acclaimed forum for fast publication of critical, peer reviewed manuscripts dealing with analytical, preparative and process scale liquid chromatography and all of its related technologies, including TLC, capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and extraction, field-flow technologies, affinity, and much more. New separation methodologies are added when they are developed. Papers dealing with research and development results, as well as critical reviews of important technologies, are published in the Journal.