Educational strategies for youth empowerment in conflict zones: transforming, not transmitting, trauma

two appendices proposes educational methodologies that in alleviating some of the emotional turmoil and mental anguish experienced by people living in conflict zones, such as the Balkans, apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa, and more specifically Kashmir – one of the most militarized and disputed regions in the world, a place of perpetual political insecurity, and a focal point of the ongoing conflict between and Pakistan since the Indian subcontinent’s partition in 1947. Additionally, the can be used as a contextualised manual for adopting student empowerment tactics in classroom teaching and university curricula. Khan demonstrates practical and effective strategies for over-coming individual and collective trauma by educating future generations of Kashmiris and others toward eternal and permanent values while rejecting transitory impulses of vengeance.