提高小动物医院手部卫生依从性的社会营销方法

IF 2.3 Q3 BUSINESS
Bettina Höchli, Michael Dorn, Geraldine Holenweger, C. Messner, Simone Schuller, H. Rohrbach
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景良好的手卫生依从性是预防医院获得性感染的关键因素。世界卫生组织提供的关于在人类卫生保健中改善手卫生依从性的干预措施的指导方针只能部分地适用于兽医,目前对兽医环境中遵守卫生的观察强调需要采取果断行动。改进的潜力很大,特别是在人们习惯性行事的情况下。本文的重点是确定影响兽医护理机构手部卫生习惯的障碍和益处,并根据理论和形成性研究得出促进手部卫生习惯的干预策略。这篇文章探讨了两个研究问题。哪些环境、社会和个人因素促进(益处)和阻碍(障碍)兽医护理机构的手卫生习惯?哪些干预策略可以从已确定的障碍和益处中获得,以促进手卫生习惯?目标行为和群体的确定是基于文献、作者团队内部的谈话和日常观察。通过定性焦点小组确定了障碍和利益。焦点小组访谈计划采用风险、态度、规范、能力和自我调节(RANAS)方法。干预策略以诱导障碍和利益为基础,以习惯形成的框架为指导。在瑞士的一个小动物诊所中,首次系统地揭示了有关手部卫生习惯的障碍和益处。本文着重于手卫生作为一种习惯,并提供循证和行为导向的干预策略。因此,我们的研究结果可以作为制定理论上合理的干预措施的基础,以促进兽医诊所和实践中的手部卫生习惯,并作为未来社会营销研究的跳板,特别是关注习惯形成。方法在瑞士一家小动物诊所采用8次结构化的深度焦点小组访谈(N = 32名参与者)收集原始数据。分别与以下专业群体进行了两个焦点小组:兽医助理、学生、住院医师和实习生以及高级临床医生。参与者谈话的主要主题是,养成习惯是有希望的,但实施起来很有挑战性。在研究主要障碍和利益时,讨论了五个主题:(1)动物福利作为行动的理由;(2)不是关于为什么而是关于如何;(3)代际冲突;(4)缺乏反馈机制;(5)无形的敌人。策略是基于这些发现和习惯形成干预的理论框架衍生出来的。对实践和研究的建议焦点小组中出现的主题与习惯形成的理论框架有关,以得出可能的干预策略。补充材料深入研究了这些策略,并为面临类似挑战的从业者提供了实现步骤。需要进一步的研究来实验测试干预策略的效果,并验证其他诊所的结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Improving Hand Hygiene Adherence in Small Animal Hospitals: A Social Marketing Approach
Background Good hand hygiene adherence is a key factor in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The guidelines offered by the World Health Organization for interventions to improve hand hygiene adherence in human health care can only in part be applied to veterinary medicine, and current observations of hygiene adherence in veterinary environments stress a need for decisive action. There is great potential for improvement, especially in situations in which people act habitually. Focus of the Article The focus of this article is to identify the barriers and benefits that influence hand hygiene habits in veterinary care facilities and to derive intervention strategies to promote hand hygiene habits informed by theory and formative research. Research Question This article examines two research questions. What contextual, social, and personal factors promote (benefits) and hinder (barriers) hand hygiene habits in veterinary care facilities? Which intervention strategies can be derived from the identified barriers and benefits to foster hand hygiene habits? Approach The identification of the target behavior and group was based on the literature, talks within the author team, and daily observations. Barriers and benefits were identified by means of qualitative focus groups. The focus group interview schedule was informed by the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation (RANAS) approach. The intervention strategy was based on the elicited barriers and benefits and guided by the framework of habit formation. Importance to the Social Marketing Field For the first time, barriers and benefits regarding hand hygiene habits were systematically elicited in a small animal clinic in Switzerland. The article focuses on hand hygiene as a habit and offers evidence-based and behavior-oriented intervention strategies. Our findings can thus be used as a basis for developing a theoretically sound intervention to promote hand hygiene habits in veterinary clinics and practices and serve as a springboard for future social marketing research, especially with a focus on habit formation. Methods Primary data were gathered using eight structured in-depth focus group interviews (N = 32 participants) in a small animal clinic in Switzerland. Two focus groups each were conducted with the following professional groups: veterinary assistants, students, residents and interns, and senior clinicians. Results The overarching theme across the participants’ talk was that building habits is promising but challenging to implement. In examining the key barriers and benefits, five themes were discussed: (1) animal welfare as a reason to act, (2) not about the why but about the how, (3) clash of generations, (4) lack of feedback mechanisms, and (5) the invisible enemy. Strategies were derived based on these findings and the theoretical framework of a habit formation intervention. Recommendations for Practice and Research The themes that emerged in the focus groups are connected to the theoretical framework of habit formation to derive possible intervention strategies. The supplemental material delves into these strategies and provides implementation steps for practitioners facing a similar challenge. Further research is needed to experimentally test the effect of the intervention strategies and to validate the results for other clinics.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
21
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