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引用次数: 1
摘要
Nicholas Makins,伦敦国王学院,伦敦,英国。摘要本文的目的是提供我们的偏好反映我们的原因的一些方式的详细特征。我认为,实际原因可以从影响我们偏好的两个方面来描述:它们的平衡和重量。这类似于认识论中概率反映证据的平衡和权重的方式的类似特征。在本文中,我将说明理由的平衡和权重之间的区别,并说明这对于充分说明偏好和选择的重要性。结果是对一种特定的决定有了更全面的了解,艾萨克·列维(Isaac Levi)和最近的露丝·张(Ruth Chang)将其称为“艰难的选择”。在这些选择中,一个选项在某些方面比另一个好,另一个在某些方面比第一个好,但从整体上看,两者都不是更好的。理性的平衡和权重之间的区别提供了一种新的方式来理解艰难的选择是如何随程度而变化的,以及是什么让它们变得如此艰难。
Correspondence Nicholas Makins, King’s College London, London, UK. Email: ndmakins@gmail.com Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed characterisation of some ways in which our preferences reflect our reasons. I will argue that practical reasons can be characterised along two dimensions that influence our preferences: their balance and their weight. This is analogous to a similar characterisation of the way in which probabilities reflect the balance and weight of evidence in epistemology. In this paper, I will illustrate the distinction between the balance and weight of reasons, and show how this is crucial for an adequate account of preference and choice. The upshot is a more complete picture of a particular kind of decision, labelled by Isaac Levi and, more recently, Ruth Chang as ‘hard choices’. These are choices in which one option is better than another in some ways, the other is better than the first in some ways, but neither seems better overall. The distinction between the balance and weight of reasons presents a new way of understanding how hard choices vary by degree and what it is that makes them so hard.
期刊介绍:
Since its foundation in 1935, Theoria publishes research in all areas of philosophy. Theoria is committed to precision and clarity in philosophical discussions, and encourages cooperation between philosophy and other disciplines. The journal is not affiliated with any particular school or faction. Instead, it promotes dialogues between different philosophical viewpoints. Theoria is peer-reviewed. It publishes articles, reviews, and shorter notes and discussions. Short discussion notes on recent articles in Theoria are welcome.