Vera Ysabel V. de la Cruz , Tantriani , Weiguo Cheng , Keitaro Tawaraya
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Moreover, the effect of climatic conditions on the yield gap between organic and conventional methods has not been extensively studied.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Considering the influence of temperature and precipitation on soil microbial activity<span> that drives the decomposition of organic matter and supports the mineralization of organic matter for plants, we hypothesized that the yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems is affected by climatic conditions; that is, it should be higher in locations with warmer climates that those in colder climates.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Yield data were collected from 105 studies that compared organic and conventional farming; 786 pairwise observations were extracted mainly from previous meta-analyses and individual studies. Using meta-analysis in R software, we examined the yield ratio between the two farming systems in different climate types (boreal, warm temperate, arid, and equatorial) and sub-types, and further investigated other influencing factors such as crop type, study location by region, and soil pH and texture.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>The yield of organic farming was 18.4% (<em>RR</em> = 0.83; 95% confidence interval of 0.77 to 0.89; <em>p</em> = < 0.0001) lower than that of conventional farming, regardless of climate condition, crop type, and other categorical variables. Results showed that only the warm temperate climate had a significant effect on the yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems, where organic yields were 21.18% lower than those of conventional farming (<em>RR =</em> 0.79; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.87; p = < 0.0001; <em>k</em> = 446). However, the variability associated with temperature and precipitation was difficult to estimate using the current data. Among the categorical variables evaluated, it was found that specific crop types, regions, and soils significantly influenced the yield gap. Additional analyses revealed a confounding crop-type effect on the yield gap that requires further investigation. Nevertheless, this study suggests that when determining variations in the yields and productivity of organic and conventional farming systems, it is critical to account for interactions between variables.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The results of this study offer a preliminary understanding of how the climate type affects the yield of the two farming systems in a particular geographic location, supporting future research that will provide a quantitative context to land use development for sustainable agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 103732"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems across climate types and sub-types: A meta-analysis\",\"authors\":\"Vera Ysabel V. de la Cruz , Tantriani , Weiguo Cheng , Keitaro Tawaraya\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103732\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Organic farming is a fast-growing system considered a holistic approach that benefits the environment. However, previous studies have reported varying results on its productivity when compared to conventional farming systems. Moreover, the effect of climatic conditions on the yield gap between organic and conventional methods has not been extensively studied.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Considering the influence of temperature and precipitation on soil microbial activity<span> that drives the decomposition of organic matter and supports the mineralization of organic matter for plants, we hypothesized that the yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems is affected by climatic conditions; that is, it should be higher in locations with warmer climates that those in colder climates.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Yield data were collected from 105 studies that compared organic and conventional farming; 786 pairwise observations were extracted mainly from previous meta-analyses and individual studies. Using meta-analysis in R software, we examined the yield ratio between the two farming systems in different climate types (boreal, warm temperate, arid, and equatorial) and sub-types, and further investigated other influencing factors such as crop type, study location by region, and soil pH and texture.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>The yield of organic farming was 18.4% (<em>RR</em> = 0.83; 95% confidence interval of 0.77 to 0.89; <em>p</em> = < 0.0001) lower than that of conventional farming, regardless of climate condition, crop type, and other categorical variables. Results showed that only the warm temperate climate had a significant effect on the yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems, where organic yields were 21.18% lower than those of conventional farming (<em>RR =</em> 0.79; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.87; p = < 0.0001; <em>k</em> = 446). However, the variability associated with temperature and precipitation was difficult to estimate using the current data. Among the categorical variables evaluated, it was found that specific crop types, regions, and soils significantly influenced the yield gap. Additional analyses revealed a confounding crop-type effect on the yield gap that requires further investigation. Nevertheless, this study suggests that when determining variations in the yields and productivity of organic and conventional farming systems, it is critical to account for interactions between variables.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The results of this study offer a preliminary understanding of how the climate type affects the yield of the two farming systems in a particular geographic location, supporting future research that will provide a quantitative context to land use development for sustainable agriculture.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7730,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agricultural Systems\",\"volume\":\"211 \",\"pages\":\"Article 103732\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agricultural Systems\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X23001373\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agricultural Systems","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X23001373","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems across climate types and sub-types: A meta-analysis
Context
Organic farming is a fast-growing system considered a holistic approach that benefits the environment. However, previous studies have reported varying results on its productivity when compared to conventional farming systems. Moreover, the effect of climatic conditions on the yield gap between organic and conventional methods has not been extensively studied.
Objectives
Considering the influence of temperature and precipitation on soil microbial activity that drives the decomposition of organic matter and supports the mineralization of organic matter for plants, we hypothesized that the yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems is affected by climatic conditions; that is, it should be higher in locations with warmer climates that those in colder climates.
Methods
Yield data were collected from 105 studies that compared organic and conventional farming; 786 pairwise observations were extracted mainly from previous meta-analyses and individual studies. Using meta-analysis in R software, we examined the yield ratio between the two farming systems in different climate types (boreal, warm temperate, arid, and equatorial) and sub-types, and further investigated other influencing factors such as crop type, study location by region, and soil pH and texture.
Results and conclusions
The yield of organic farming was 18.4% (RR = 0.83; 95% confidence interval of 0.77 to 0.89; p = < 0.0001) lower than that of conventional farming, regardless of climate condition, crop type, and other categorical variables. Results showed that only the warm temperate climate had a significant effect on the yield gap between organic and conventional farming systems, where organic yields were 21.18% lower than those of conventional farming (RR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.87; p = < 0.0001; k = 446). However, the variability associated with temperature and precipitation was difficult to estimate using the current data. Among the categorical variables evaluated, it was found that specific crop types, regions, and soils significantly influenced the yield gap. Additional analyses revealed a confounding crop-type effect on the yield gap that requires further investigation. Nevertheless, this study suggests that when determining variations in the yields and productivity of organic and conventional farming systems, it is critical to account for interactions between variables.
Significance
The results of this study offer a preliminary understanding of how the climate type affects the yield of the two farming systems in a particular geographic location, supporting future research that will provide a quantitative context to land use development for sustainable agriculture.
期刊介绍：
Agricultural Systems is an international journal that deals with interactions - among the components of agricultural systems, among hierarchical levels of agricultural systems, between agricultural and other land use systems, and between agricultural systems and their natural, social and economic environments.
The scope includes the development and application of systems analysis methodologies in the following areas:
Systems approaches in the sustainable intensification of agriculture; pathways for sustainable intensification; crop-livestock integration; farm-level resource allocation; quantification of benefits and trade-offs at farm to landscape levels; integrative, participatory and dynamic modelling approaches for qualitative and quantitative assessments of agricultural systems and decision making;
The interactions between agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes; the multiple services of agricultural systems; food security and the environment;
Global change and adaptation science; transformational adaptations as driven by changes in climate, policy, values and attitudes influencing the design of farming systems;
Development and application of farming systems design tools and methods for impact, scenario and case study analysis; managing the complexities of dynamic agricultural systems; innovation systems and multi stakeholder arrangements that support or promote change and (or) inform policy decisions.
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