Extensive rib resection followed by thoracic wall reconstruction using polytetrafluoroethylene mesh and titanium plates for refractory intercostal artery bleeding induced by severe blunt thoracic injury: report of a case

Massive hemothorax due to multiple rib fractures and intercostal artery (ICA) injuries is one of the most lethal forms of chest trauma. Urgent thoracotomy is required; however, suturing is sometimes difficult owing to the limited operative field in the thoracic cavity and because the transected ICA retracts between the surrounding intercostal muscles. We present a patient with refractory ICA bleeding induced by severe blunt thoracic injury successfully treated with extensive rib resection followed by thoracic wall reconstruction using GORE® DUALMESH® and titanium plates. A 66-year-old woman attempted suicide by diving into the path of a train. She incurred massive left hemothorax associated with multiple rib fractures and severe trauma to her extremities; both upper limbs and left leg at the thigh were nearly disconnected. Initially, she underwent urgent left anterolateral thoracotomy followed by partial lung resection and suture hemostasis of the thoracic wall. Subsequently, interventional radiology was performed for the ICA bleeding, and her extremities except her right leg were amputated. However, because hemothorax persisted, and because of the comminuted fractures, we removed the fifth to eighth ribs, and the ICA vascular sheath was ligated. Resecting multiple ribs caused deformities and lung herniations, although hemostasis was achieved. On the third postoperative day, thoracic reconstruction using Gore-Tex® Dual Mesh and titanium plates was performed. Although a small empyema occurred, it was controlled with antibiotics and drainage. Paradoxical respiration and atelectasis did not occur, and the patient was moved to the hospital for continued care in a lucid state.