COVID-19疾病概述:病毒学、流行病学、预防、诊断、治疗和疫苗

Iman Salahshoori, Noushin Mobaraki-asl, A. Seyfaee, Nasrin Mirzaei Nasirabad, Z. Dehghan, Mehrdad Faraji, Mina Ganjkhani, A. Babapoor, Seyede Zahra Shadmehr, A. Hamrang
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引用次数: 18

摘要

冠状病毒属于“冠状病毒科”,它会引起各种疾病,从普通感冒到SARS和MERS。冠状病毒在哺乳动物和鸟类中自然流行。到目前为止,已经发现了六种人类传播的冠状病毒。2019年12月,中国武汉首次报告了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)。常见症状包括发烧、干咳和疲劳,但在急性病例中,该病可导致严重的呼吸短促、缺氧和死亡。根据世界卫生组织(世卫组织)的说法,已经确定了新冠病毒的三种主要传播途径,即飞沫和接触途径、空气传播以及粪便和口腔传播。到目前为止,还没有发现针对COVID-19的明确治疗方法,现有的治疗方法只是为了减少疾病的并发症。世界卫生组织认为,公共卫生层面的预防措施,如隔离感染者、识别和监测接触者、环境消毒、个人防护装备等,可以有效预防COVID-19的爆发。目前,基于社会控制此次大流行的迫切需要,BNT162b2(辉瑞)、mRNA-1273 (Moderna)、CoronaVac(中国科创)、Sputnik V (Gamaleya研究所、Acellena合同药物研究与开发)、BBIBP-CorV(中国农化)和AZD1222(牛津大学;阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)的疫苗已获得疫苗生产国卫生组织颁发的紧急疫苗接种许可证。Vasso Apostolopoulos, Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Overview of COVID-19 Disease: Virology, Epidemiology, Prevention Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccines
Coronaviruses belong to the “Coronaviridae family”, which causes various diseases, from the common cold to SARS and MERS. The coronavirus is naturally prevalent in mammals and birds. So far, six human-transmitted coronaviruses have been discovered. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and fatigue, but in acute cases, the disease can lead to severe shortness of breath, hypoxia, and death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the three main transmission routes, such as droplet and contact routes, airborne transmission and fecal and oral for COVID-19, have been identified. So far, no definitive curative treatment has been discovered for COVID-19, and the available treatments are only to reduce the complications of the disease. According to the World Health Organization, preventive measures at the public health level such as quarantine of the infected person, identification and monitoring of contacts, disinfection of the environment, and personal protective equipment can significantly prevent the outbreak COVID-19. Currently, based on the urgent needs of the community to control this pandemic, the BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), CoronaVac (Sinovac), Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute, Acellena Contract Drug Research, and Development), BBIBP-CorV (Sinofarm), and AZD1222 (The University of Oxford; AstraZeneca) vaccines have received emergency vaccination licenses from health organizations in vaccine-producing countries. Vasso Apostolopoulos, Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
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