Detection approach for unusable shared bikes enabled by reinforcement learning and PageRank algorithm

Existing research models can neither indicate the availability of shared bikes nor detect unusable ones owing to a lack of information on bike maintenance and failure. To improve awareness regarding the availability of shared bikes, we propose an innovative approach for detecting unusable shared bikes based on reinforcement learning and the PageRank algorithm. The proposed method identifies unusable shared bikes depending on the local travel data and provides a ranking of the shared bikes according to their availability levels. Given a sliding time window, the value function for the reinforcement learning model was determined by considering the cumulative number of unavailable shared bikes, the proportion of rental cancelations at the same stations, and the mean time between the cancelations. Reinforcement learning was then used to identify shared bikes with the worst availability. An availability ranking for the shared bikes below the reward threshold was performed using the PageRank algorithm. The proposed detection approach was applied to a trip dataset of a real-world bike-sharing system to illustrate the modeling process and its effectiveness. The detection results of unusable shared bikes in the absence of failure and feedback data can provide essential information to support the maintenance management decisions regarding shared bikes.