Plus ça Change. . . Perceptions of New Orleans English Before and After the Storm

In this paper, we present a focused perceptual dialectology study of variation in a single metropolitan area: New Orleans, Louisiana, long overlooked by linguists. We asked participants to complete a map-drawing activity using two maps, one of the city and its nearest suburbs, and one of the larger cultural zone. We also added the dimension of time by additionally asking participants to complete a map showing changes that have occurred since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which we identified as a catalyst for an increase in the rate of demographic change in the city. The results show that, unlike similar participants in other studies, African American and white New Orleanians draw the same city but label it differently, suggesting they occupy the same space but live in different places. When considering change over time, participants highlighted differences in the ethnic makeup of the city. We conclude that ethnicity in New Orleans is a key—if not the key—driver of perception both of linguistic variation and of change. With this study we confirm the importance of working with local actors to understand the way language practices map onto speakers’ understandings of space and place and the ways they may influence variation and change. The findings we present here provide us with key questions that will strengthen the results of production studies currently underway, demonstrating the significance of such work as a corollary to production studies.