语境敏感性对德汉语学前儿童间接交际理解的影响

IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Cornelia Schulze, D. Buttelmann, Liqi Zhu, Henrik Saalbach
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在交流中进行推断是一项高度依赖于上下文的工作。先前的研究发现,文化差异对上下文敏感性和沟通理解都有影响。然而,到目前为止,文化和语境敏感性对交际理解的相对影响还没有得到研究。目前的研究旨在调查这种相互作用,并测试了来自德国的4岁和6岁儿童(n = 132)和中国(n = 129)。上下文敏感性是用埃宾浩斯幻觉的改编版本来测量的。在这项任务中,孩子们必须区分两个目标圆圈的大小,因为目标圆圈周围的上下文圆圈看起来只有相似的大小。不出所料,与德国儿童相比,表现分数表明中国儿童对上下文的敏感性更高,6岁儿童比4岁儿童对上下文更敏感。此外,在对象选择沟通理解任务中,孩子们观看木偶表演日常活动(如宠物护理)的视频,并必须在两个选项之间做出选择(如狗或兔子)。一个木偶直接(“我想要兔子”)或间接(“我有胡萝卜”)表达了她想要的东西。孩子们不得不选择一个选项给木偶。在这两种文化中,6岁儿童的表现都优于4岁儿童,儿童更理解直接沟通而非间接沟通。研究发现,文化会影响儿童直接沟通的处理速度。此外,文化影响儿童的上下文敏感性,而上下文敏感性影响儿童在间接(但不是直接)沟通任务中的准确性。这些发现表明,当我们面对间接沟通时,考虑上下文尤其重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Context-Sensitivity Influences German and Chinese Preschoolers’ Comprehension of Indirect Communication
Making inferences in communication is a highly context-dependent endeavor. Previous research found cultural variations for context-sensitivity as well as for communication comprehension. However, the relative impact of culture and context-sensitivity on communication comprehension has not been investigated so far. The current study aimed at investigating this interplay and tested 4- and 6-year-old children from Germany (n = 132) and China (n = 129). Context-sensitivity was measured with an adapted version of the Ebbinghaus illusion. In this task, children have to discriminate the size of two target circles that only appear to be of similar size due to context circles surrounding the target circles. As expected, performance scores indicated higher degrees of context-sensitivity in Chinese compared to German children and that 6-year-olds were more context-sensitive than 4-year-olds. Further, in an object-choice communication-comprehension task, children watched videos with puppets performing every-day activities (e.g., pet care) and had to choose between two options (e.g., dog or rabbit). A puppet expressed what she wanted either directly (“I want the rabbit”) or indirectly (“I have a carrot”). The children had to choose one option to give to the puppet. In both cultures, 6-year-olds outperformed 4-year-olds and children understood direct communication better than indirect communication. Culture was found to affect children’s processing speed of direct communication. Moreover, culture influenced children’s context-sensitivity while context-sensitivity influenced children’s accuracy in the indirect (but not the direct) communication task. These findings demonstrate that taking context into account is especially important when we are confronted with indirect communication.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
6.70%
发文量
69
期刊介绍: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology publishes papers that focus on the interrelationships between culture and psychological processes. Submitted manuscripts may report results from either cross-cultural comparative research or results from other types of research concerning the ways in which culture (and related concepts such as ethnicity) affect the thinking and behavior of individuals as well as how individual thought and behavior define and reflect aspects of culture. Review papers and innovative reformulations of cross-cultural theory will also be considered. Studies reporting data from within a single nation should focus on cross-cultural perspective. Empirical studies must be described in sufficient detail to be potentially replicable.
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