主动学习,主动塑造,还是两者兼而有之?工作设计与非正式工作场所学习之间的相互影响的交叉滞后面板分析,以及工作制作的中介作用

IF 5.2 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
Julian Decius , Niclas Schaper , Katharina Klug , Andreas Seifert
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引用次数: 4

摘要

非正式职场学习(IWL)是职业学习的主要形式。在努力培养IWL的过程中,以往的研究重点是工作设计:根据主动学习假说,工作资源和工作需求都可以导致学习。非正式学习研究迄今为止同意这一假设,但几乎没有调查影响的方向或解释机制。另一种主动塑造假说认为,参与学习可以带来更多的工作资源,但也会产生更高的工作要求。这两种假设的潜在过程都可能与主动行为有关,比如工作构思。在这篇文章中,我们提出了两项关于工作控制和工作量的纵向研究的结果。在研究1中,我们采用交叉滞后面板设计和结构方程模型对129名蓝领工人进行了1.5年间隔的两波数据分析。结果表明:IWL导致工作控制和工作量;相反的因果方向不显著。因此,研究1为主动塑造者假说提供了支持。在研究2中,我们使用三波数据,间隔4周对216名白领进行调查,以检验工作塑造在IWL与工作特征关系中的潜在中介作用。结果支持任务制作和关系制作在工作控制和内劳之间起中介作用的假设,反之亦然,关系制作在内劳和工作控制之间起中介作用。在工作量方面没有发现中介效应,认知加工也没有作为中介作用。在补充分析中,我们发现大多数证据表明非正式学习和工作制作是不同的结构。研究结果在一定程度上与主流的主动学习假说相矛盾,并对工作场所学习研究和组织中的人员发展具有启示意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Active learning, active shaping, or both? A cross-lagged panel analysis of reciprocal effects between work design and informal workplace learning, and the mediating role of job crafting

Informal workplace learning (IWL) is the predominant form of vocational learning. In striving to foster IWL, the focus of previous research has been on work design: according to the active learning hypothesis, both job resources and job demands can lead to learning. Informal learning research has so far agreed with this assumption but has hardly investigated the direction of effects or explaining mechanisms. The alternative active shaper hypothesis suggests that engagement in learning leads to more job resources but can also create higher job demands. The underlying processes in both hypotheses may be related to proactive behavior such as job crafting. In this article we present the results of two longitudinal studies focusing on job control and workload. In study 1, we used a cross-lagged panel design with structural equation modeling to analyze two-wave data with a 1.5-year interval among 129 blue-collar workers. The results suggest that IWL leads to job control and workload; the reverse causal direction was not significant. Hence, study 1 provided support for the active shaper hypothesis. In study 2, we used three-wave data with a 4-week interval among 216 white-collar workers to examine potential mediating effects of job crafting in the relationship between IWL and work characteristics. The results supported the assumption that task crafting and relational crafting mediate between job control and IWL and vice versa, and that relational crafting mediates between IWL and job control. No mediating effects were found with respect to workload, and cognitive crafting did not function as a mediator either. In supplemental analyses, we found mostly evidence that informal learning and job crafting are distinct constructs. The findings partly contradict the predominant active learning hypothesis and have implications for workplace learning research and personnel development in organizations.

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来源期刊
Journal of Vocational Behavior
Journal of Vocational Behavior PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
5.40%
发文量
85
期刊介绍: The Journal of Vocational Behavior publishes original empirical and theoretical articles offering unique insights into the realms of career choice, career development, and work adjustment across the lifespan. These contributions are not only valuable for academic exploration but also find applications in counseling and career development programs across diverse sectors such as colleges, universities, business, industry, government, and the military. The primary focus of the journal centers on individual decision-making regarding work and careers, prioritizing investigations into personal career choices rather than organizational or employer-level variables. Example topics encompass a broad range, from initial career choices (e.g., choice of major, initial work or organization selection, organizational attraction) to the development of a career, work transitions, work-family management, and attitudes within the workplace (such as work commitment, multiple role management, and turnover).
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