保护圣华金袋狐的人工洞穴

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 FISHERIES
B. Cypher, J. Murdoch, Alexander D. Brown
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引用次数: 3

摘要

圣华金狐(Vulpes macrotis mutica)是联邦濒危物种,受到加利福尼亚州的威胁,主要是由于栖息地的严重丧失。Kit Fox是巢穴的义务使用者,在某些地方,由于自然或人为因素,巢穴的可用性可能受到限制。我们在2001-2004年进行了一项研究,以确定狐狸是否会使用人工巢穴,如果会,它们是否表现出对巢穴设计或建筑材料的偏好。我们测试了六种不同的巢穴设计、四种不同的建筑材料和两种不同的腔室类型。我们在加利福尼亚州贝克斯菲尔德的12个地点建造了34个窝点。我们进行了9271次窝点检查,在其中1198次检查中发现了狐狸或它们的标志。基特狐可能没有找到其中一个位置,但基特狐使用了(即进入)其他11个位置的31个巢穴中的29个。基特狐没有表现出对任何设计、材料或腔室类型的优先使用。人工巢穴内的内部条件(即温度和相对湿度)可以为狐狸提供体温调节和保湿的好处,尽管这些好处不如天然巢穴提供的那么强。至少有九种其他物种被记录使用了人工巢穴,其中包括一些可能与基特狐竞争的物种。圣华金狐很容易使用人工巢穴,很明显,这种巢穴可以用来减少巢穴损失或增强狐的栖息地。由于成本较低且易于安装,我们建议安装两个由高密度聚乙烯塑料制成的入口窝点,并为地下室安装灌溉阀箱。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Artificial dens for the conservation of San Joaquin kit foxes
San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) are federally endangered and California threatened, primarily due to profound habitat loss. Kit foxes are obligate den users and in some locations den availability may be limited due to natural or anthropogenic factors. We conducted a study during 2001–2004 to determine whether kit foxes would use artificial dens, and if so, whether they exhibited a preference for den designs or construction materials. We tested six different den designs, four different construction materials, and two different chamber types. We constructed 34 dens in 12 locations in Bakersfield, CA. We conducted 9,271 den checks and detected kit foxes or their sign on 1,198 of those checks. Kit foxes may not have found one of the locations, but kit foxes used (i.e., entered) 29 of the 31 dens at the other 11 locations. Kit foxes did not exhibit preferential use of any designs, materials, or chamber types. Internal conditions (i.e., temperature and relative humidity) within artificial dens can provide thermoregulatory and moisture conservation benefits to foxes, although these benefits were not as strong as those provided by natural dens. At least nine other species were documented using the artificial dens, including some that might compete with kit foxes. San Joaquin kit foxes readily used artificial dens and clearly such dens can be used to mitigate den losses or to enhance habitat for kit foxes. Due to lower cost and ease of installation, we recommend installing two-entrance dens constructed of high-density polyethylene plastic with an irrigation valve box for a subterranean chamber.
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