Eco-Friendly Vat Dyeing of Cotton Using Alkaline Iron (II) Salt as Reducing Agent

Sodium hydrosulphite is used commercially as the reducing agent for vat dyes in the dyeing of cotton. Large amounts of sodium sulphate, sulphur oxyanion and toxic sulphite are produced during the dyeing due to the dissociation of sodium hydrosulphite leading to severe air and water pollution. This research focuses on the use of alkaline iron (II) salt as the reducing agent for vat dyeing on cotton fabrics through a complete replace¬ment of hydrosulphite. The 34 Box-Behnken design was used to achieve optimum parameters and statistically analyse the performance of the new reducing system. The results showed that the alkaline iron (II) salt system was relatively effective in developing a comparable dyebath reduction potential, surface colour strength of cotton and colourfastness, if compared to the hydrosulphite-based reducing system. The dyebath stability in the presence and absence of the dye also showed superior results compared to that of the hydrosulphite system. Hence, it can be said that a complete substitution of sodium hydrosulphite with alkaline iron (II) salt is possible.