Los factores sociales asociados a los modelos matemáticos en un contexto de pandemia

The crisis caused by the pandemic COVID-19 confirms again the importance of mathematical knowledge to estimate natural phenomenon, actually various models been used to have a broader picture of what is happening. Mathematical models are used in different contexts especially: economic, agricultural, climatic, financial, technological, medical, educational, among others. This reflective article takes elements from the Guatemalan situation to present an approximation of the health that the country is currently experiencing. The text has of three parts: the first makes a historical introduction to the application of mathematical models to reduce the outbreak of contagion in epidemics or pandemics, in order to help the population, minimize the spread of the virus. The second part explains the construction of the SIR deterministic model with some adaptations for its interpretation, the most used in various countries of the world and the application of this knowledge in contexts of cultural diversity. Meanwhile, the third part emphasizes the importance of the factors associated with the model for its implementation and operation in a multicultural society. Among the factors addressed in the paper are: the ability to relate mathematical data, the relationship of results to unitary knowledge, culture as an engine of local development, the nature of the phenomenon of study, evolution as one of the basic principles of life, education and the ability to react to respond to emergencies.