已故馆长:教育与自然历史博物馆官僚权威的兴起,1870-1915

IF 0.1 Q3 HISTORY
Kathrinne Duffy
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引用次数: 3

摘要

布朗大学詹克斯自然历史博物馆的拆除说明了博物馆从魅力权威向官僚权威的转变及其对博物馆教育的影响。博物馆创始人兼馆长詹克斯于1894年去世。如果没有詹克斯代表博物馆的不懈努力,他的藏品就会变质。作为对詹克斯博物馆等橱柜展示的回应,布朗校友赫蒙·凯里·邦普斯等进步的“博物馆人”开发了新的、去个性化的基于标本的博物馆教育方法,包括展览和详细的物品标签。在美国自然历史博物馆,这些模式为广大城市观众提供了常规的解读。与此同时,官僚博物馆的工作人员变得更加可互换。随着博物馆根据企业和官僚原则的扩张,像詹克斯这样的教育工作者提供的个性化、独特的互动让位于更系统化的体验,而这些体验不依赖于特定的个人来发挥作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The dead curator: Education and the rise of bureaucratic authority in natural history museums, 1870–1915
ABSTRACT The dismantling of the Jenks Museum of Natural History at Brown University illustrates a shift from charismatic to bureaucratic authority in museums and its implications for museum education. J.W.P. Jenks, the museum’s founder and curator, died in 1894. Without Jenks’s constant effort on behalf of the museum, his collection deteriorated. Reacting against cabinet displays like those of the Jenks Museum, progressive ‘museum men’ like Brown alumnus Hermon Carey Bumpus developed new, de-personalised approaches to specimen-based museum education, including exhibitions and detailed object labels. At the American Museum of Natural History, these modes routinised interpretation for large urban audiences. At the same time, staff members in bureaucratic museums became more interchangeable. As museums expanded according to corporate and bureaucratic principles, the personalised, idiosyncratic interactions offered by educators like Jenks gave way to more systematized experiences that did not depend upon particular individuals to function.
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CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
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