寻租理论重新审视了增长与不平等的争论:一些经验证据

IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
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引用次数: 0

摘要

增长与收入不平等之间的关系在理论和经验上都存在模糊之处。通过关注不平等的性质而非程度,可以消除这些模糊之处。不平等可能是生产性逐利活动或非生产性寻租活动的结果。为了从经验上重新评估增长与收入不平等之间的关系,我们首先提出了一种策略,即通过制度质量指标来近似分析不平等的性质。我们提出了一个制度生产率指标,该指标描述了有利于追求利润的制度和有利于追求租金的制度的普遍性,反之亦然。该指标间接衡量了寻租活动相对于寻利活动的优势,反之亦然。然后,我们使用 114 个国家(88 个发展中国家和 26 个发达国家)1990-2020 年的面板数据,并依靠双向固定效应技术来检验我们的估计方法,结果表明,在制度生产率高的国家,增长与收入不平等正相关。相反,在机构生产率低的国家,经济增长与收入不平等呈负相关。因此,在追求利润的体制占主导地位的国家,生产性不平等与经济增长之间存在正相关关系。以此类推,在寻租型体制占主导地位的国家,非生产性不平等与经济增长之间存在负相关关系。与以往的公共政策建议相反,在机构生产力水平高的国家,不平等现象有利于经济增长,因此不应加以解决。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The growth-inequality debate revisited by rent-seeking theory: Some empirical evidence

The growth/income inequality nexus is surrounded by theoretical as well as empirical ambiguities. These ambiguities can be lifted by focusing on the nature of inequalities and not their level. Inequalities may be the result of productive profit-seeking activities or unproductive rent-seeking activities. To re-assess empirically the growth/income inequality nexus, we first propose a strategy to approximate the nature of inequalities by an indicator of institutional quality. We propose an indicator of institutions' productivity which describes the prevalence of institutions favourable to the search for profit and institutions fostering the search for rents, and conversely. It is an indirect measure of the predominance of rent-seeking activities over profit-seeking ones, and conversely. Then, using a panel data covering the period 1990–2020 for 114 countries (88 developing countries and 26 developed countries) and relying on the two-way fixed effects technique to test our estimator, we show that countries where institutions' productivity is high, growth is positively related to income inequality. Conversely, growth is negatively related to income inequality in countries where institutions' productivity is low. There is thus a positive relationship between productive inequalities and growth in countries where profit-seeking institutions dominate the institutional setting. By analogy, in countries where rent-seeking institutions are dominant there is a negative relationship between unproductive inequalities and growth. Contrary to previous public policy recommendations, inequalities should not be tackled since they are pro-growth in countries with high levels of institutions’ productivity.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
10.00%
发文量
106
期刊介绍: The aim of the European Journal of Political Economy is to disseminate original theoretical and empirical research on economic phenomena within a scope that encompasses collective decision making, political behavior, and the role of institutions. Contributions are invited from the international community of researchers. Manuscripts must be published in English. Starting 2008, the European Journal of Political Economy is indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index published by Thomson Scientific (formerly ISI).
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