变质石灰岩和铁白云石透镜体中的洞穴形成:斯洛伐克的ochtin文石洞

IF 1.3 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
P. Bella, P. Bosák, P. Pruner, H. Hercman, K. Pukanská, K. Bartoš, Ľ. Gaál, Dagmar Haviarová, Peter Tomčík, Šimon Kdýr
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引用次数: 5

摘要

奥奇蒂诺文石洞(喀尔巴阡山脉西部)代表了一种独特的自然现象。它形成于橄榄石岩溶特殊的岩性和水文地质条件下,在这种条件下,古生代部分交代蚀变为铁白云石的几个孤立的晶状体被千层岩包裹。通过非碳酸盐岩的大气水渗透溶解了石灰岩,并使铁白云石氧化为铁氢氧化物。ankerite氧化过程中产生的二氧化碳促进了石灰石的溶解。迷宫洞由平行的断层控制线性通道和横向水平通道相互连接的腔室组成。由缓慢移动的水或静止的水形成的潜水和外渗溶液形态。这些包括平面天花板(Laugdecken)、平面(休息平面,Facetten)、侧面缺口、对流天花板冲天炉形状的凹陷和海绵状的空洞。在几个高度位置形成了扁平的天花板,每一个都可能紧挨着略微波动的地下水位。原始的潜水冲天炉形状的洼地,被扁平的天花板截断,代表了最古老的洞穴(前第四纪?到早更新世)。向内倾斜的光滑面不仅出现在平面天花板的通道中,也出现在拱形天花板的通道和大厅中。利用地面激光扫描和数字摄影测量技术,对高分辨率洞穴地形进行了详细记录。中晚更新世的成藏期由洞穴沉积物磁地层学和洞穴沉积物u系列定年确定,与潜水和晚期的浅表发育有关。底部基岩的沉积开始于1.8 Ma之前。在Oválna chodba通道剖面上记录了Brunhes/Matuyama边界(0.773 Ma)和Jaramillo磁带(0.990 ~ 1.071 Ma)。由磁地层计算得出的缓慢沉积速率(~0.09 cm/kyr)是由于完全被千层岩封闭的大理岩中封闭条件下缓慢的水运动,与地表没有直接关系。只有偶尔浑浊的水被装载在极细粒度的渗透物质和原生铁氧氢氧化物中。富锰层沉积速率较慢(~0.03 cm/kyr)。另外的u系列测年证实,在晚更新世湿润期,古老文石世代(年龄约500-450 ka和143-121 ka)部分受到反复洪水的侵蚀。年龄小于13.5 ka的文石未被腐蚀。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Speleogenesis in a lens of metamorphosed limestone and ankerite: Ochtiná Aragonite Cave, Slovakia
The Ochtiná Aragonite Cave (Western Carpathians) represents an unique natural phenomenon. It originated under particular lithological and hydrogeological conditions of the Ochtiná Karst in which several isolated lenses of Paleozoic crystalline limestone (marbles), partly metasomatically altered to ankerite, are enclosed by phyllites. Meteoric water seepage through non-carbonate rocks dissolved limestone and caused the oxidation of ankerite to Fe oxyhydroxides. Carbon dioxide produced during ankerite oxidation enhanced limestone dissolution. The maze cave consists of parallel fault-controlled linear passages and chambers interconnected by transverse horizontal passages. Phreatic and epiphreatic solution morphologies resulted from slowly moving or standing water. These include flat ceilings (Laugdecken), facets (planes of repose, Facetten), lateral notches, convection ceiling cupola-shaped depressions, and spongework-like hollows. Flat ceilings were developed in several altitude positions, each of them probably closely below the slightly oscillated water table. Primary phreatic cupola-shaped depressions, truncated by flat ceilings, represent relics of the oldest cavities (pre-Quaternary? to Early Pleistocene). Inward-sloping smooth facets were not developed only in passages with flat ceilings, but also in the passages and halls with a vaulted ceiling. The asymmetrical shape of cusped depressions above the facets were documented in detail by a high-resolution cave topography with terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. Middle–Late Pleistocene accumulation phases, identified by magnetostratigraphy of cave sediments and U-series dating of speleothems, are associated with phreatic and later epiphreatic development. The deposition on the bottom bedrock began before 1.8 Ma. The Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (0.773 Ma) and Jaramillo magnetozone (0.990–1.071 Ma) were recorded in the profile in the Oválna chodba Passage. Slow depositional rate (~0.09 cm/kyr) calculated from magnetostratigraphy resulted from slow water movement in confined conditions in marbles completely enclosed by phyllites and no direct relation to the surface. Only occasionally turbid water was loaded in extremely fine-grained infiltration material and autochthonous Fe oxyhydroxides. The depositional rate in Mn-rich layer was much slower (~0.03 cm/kyr). Additional U-series dating confirmed that old aragonite generations (with ages about 500–450 ka and 143–121 ka) were partly corroded by repeated floods during Late Pleistocene humid episodes. Aragonite younger than 13.5 ka is not corroded.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Speleology
International Journal of Speleology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
23.10%
发文量
12
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Speleology has the aim to get cave and karst science known to an increasing number of scientists and scholars. The journal therefore offers the opportunity to all scientists working in and on karst to publish their original research articles or their review papers in an open access, high quality peer reviewed scientific journal at no cost. The journal offers the authors online first, open access, a free PDF of their article, and a wide range of abstracting and indexing services.
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