Ancient Theology and New Philosophies: Pierre-Daniel Huet against Descartes and Spinoza

This article analyses Pierre-Daniel Huet’s reaction to the doctrines that he believed to favour atheism, Deism, and, generally, irreligion. Descartes and Spinoza, in particular, are guilty, according to Huet, of placing excessive confidence in the discerning power of reason and in the type of certitude it produces, which is incomparable to revealed truth and in no way superior to moral certitude that arises from authority and historical erudition. Huet counters Cartesian philosophy with sceptical fideism and opposes Spinozian exegesis by means of an innovative, although perhaps untimely, adaptation of the doctrine of ancient theology. Against the ‘atheist’ Spinoza and the cohort of deist thinkers, Huet intends to demonstrate that Moses is the author of the Pentateuch and the divulger of God’s message to all peoples, in all times, and that, as a consequence, deist ‘natural religion’ is a partially corrupted version of the Mosaic doctrine.