来自文献

T. Hampton
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摘要

近年来,随着HTLV-3和HTLV-4的鉴定,已知htlv的数量翻了一番。htlv是由类人猿逆转录病毒(STLV)演变而来的d型逆转录病毒。人类和类人猿的整个病毒组现在被称为灵长类嗜t淋巴病毒(PTLV)。ptlv编号为1-4,每个ptlv由相应的HTLV和stlv组成,因此,PTLV-2由HTLV-2和它的祖先STLV-2组成(HTLV-4的类人猿版本尚未确定)。HTLV-1和HTLV-2在人群中广泛存在。HTLV-1感染与5%的人类疾病相关,最常见的表现是人类t细胞白血病/淋巴瘤、脊髓病和各种炎症性疾病。HTLV-2可能与脊髓病有关。HTLV-3和HTLV-4的分布和潜在的疾病相关性尚不清楚。HTLV-3的祖病毒STLV-3广泛分布于非洲,但迄今为止仅鉴定出3株HTLV-3——均在喀麦隆。到目前为止,HTLV-4的唯一分离来自喀麦隆森林的灵长类猎人,但与其他htlv相比,猿类的HTLV-4尚未被确定。HTLV-4基因组序列的系统发育分析表明,它与其他htlv具有明显的差异和等距离,在核苷酸水平上只有62%-71%的同源性。基因组包含病毒表达所需的重要序列,包括潜在的肿瘤发生。分子测年表明,HTLV4谱系大约在20万年前从PLTV-2的一个祖先中分离出来,这个时间或多或少与20万至40万年前智人的出现相对应。对以前未知的人类病毒和逆转录病毒的不断发现,正在为我们对人类健康和疾病的理解翻开新的篇章。HTLV-4和/或HTLV-3是否发挥重要作用还有待观察。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From the Literature
The number of known HTLVs has doubled with the identification of HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 in recent years. HTLVs are d-retroviruses that arose from simian retroviruses (STLV). The entire group of viruses, both human and simian, are now termed primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLV). PTLVs are numbered 1–4 and each is comprised of the corresponding HTLV and STLV—thus, PTLV-2 is made up of HTLV-2 and its ancestor, STLV-2 (the simian counterpart of HTLV-4 has not yet been identified). HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are widespread in the human population. HTLV-1 infection is associated with human disease in !5% of those infected, with the most frequent manifestations being human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, myelopathy, and various inflammatory disorders. HTLV-2 may be associated with a myelopathic disorder. The distribution and potential disease associations of HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 are as yet unknown. The progenitor of HTLV-3, STLV-3, is broadly distributed in Africa, but only 3 strains of HTLV-3 have been identified to date—all in Cameroon. The only isolation of HTLV-4 so far has been from a primate hunter in the Cameroonian forest but, in contrast to the other HTLVs, the simian counterpart has not yet been identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the HTLV-4 genome sequence demonstrated it to be distinct and equidistant from the other HTLVs, with only 62%-71% identity at the nucleotide level. The genome contains important sequences necessary for viral expression, including potential oncogenesis. Molecular dating indicates that the HTLV4 lineage split off from a progenitor of PLTV-2 approximately 200,000 years ago, a time that more or less corresponds to the appearance of Homo sapiens 200,000– 400,000 years ago. The continued detection of previously unknown human viruses and retroviruses is opening a new chapter in our understanding of human health and disease. Whether HTLV-4 and/or HTLV-3 play an important role remains to be seen.
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