Anna O. Mangan, Tara Chestnut, J. Vogeler, Ian K. Breckheimer, W. M. King, Keith E. Bagnall, Katie M. Dugger
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We used a multi-state, multi-season occupancy model to investigate how Northern Spotted Owl occupancy dynamics and breeding propensity are related to the presence of Barred Owls, local and regional weather, and habitat characteristics at MRNP from 1997 to 2016. Historical occupancy of Northern Spotted Owl breeding territories in MRNP has declined by 50% in the last 20 yr, and territory occupancy by breeding Northern Spotted Owls also decreased, reaching a low of 25% in 2016. Occupancy rates were higher on territories with steeper terrain and breeding rates were lower when Barred Owls were detected within historical territories. Our results also indicated that breeding propensity was higher when early nesting season temperatures during March and April were higher. In addition, the ability to detect breeding Northern Spotted Owls decreased when Barred Owls were present in the territory. Habitat variables from LiDAR were not correlated with Northern Spotted Owl occupancy dynamics, likely reflecting the dominance of old-growth forest in this protected park. This study illustrates the strong relationship between Barred Owls and Northern Spotted Owl demographics and breeding site selection in a landscape where habitat loss by timber harvest and fire has not occurred.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":"121 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duz031","citationCount":"7","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Barred Owls reduce occupancy and breeding propensity of Northern Spotted Owl in a Washington old-growth forest\",\"authors\":\"Anna O. Mangan, Tara Chestnut, J. Vogeler, Ian K. Breckheimer, W. M. King, Keith E. Bagnall, Katie M. 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引用次数: 7
摘要
摘要随着野生动物及其栖息地面临的环境压力的增加,国家公园等保护区是受威胁和濒危物种的重要避难所。北方斑点猫头鹰(Strix occidentalis caurina)是《濒危物种法》规定的受威胁物种,分布在美国西部的公共土地上,包括华盛顿的雷尼尔山国家公园(MRNP)。自1899年公园创建以来,MRNP边界内几乎没有木材采伐或大规模森林干扰的历史,MRNP为评估气候变化和入侵的Barred Owls(Strix varia)对北方斑点猫头鹰的潜在影响提供了一个理想的场所。从1997年到2016年,我们使用了一个多州、多季节的入住模型来调查北方斑点猫头鹰的入住动态和繁殖倾向与Barred Owls的存在、当地和区域天气以及MRNP的栖息地特征之间的关系。在过去20年中,MRNP中北方斑点猫头鹰繁殖区的历史占有率下降了50%,北方斑点猫头鹰的繁殖区占有率也有所下降,2016年达到25%的低点。在地势较陡的地区,入住率较高,而在历史地区发现Barred Owls时,繁殖率较低。我们的研究结果还表明,当三月和四月的早期筑巢季节温度较高时,繁殖倾向更高。此外,当北斑猫头鹰出现在该地区时,发现繁殖中的北斑猫头鹰的能力下降。来自激光雷达的栖息地变量与北方斑点猫头鹰的占用动态无关,这可能反映了该保护公园中古老森林的主导地位。这项研究表明,在没有发生因木材采伐和火灾而导致栖息地丧失的景观中,Barred Owls和Northern Spotted Owl的人口统计和繁殖地点选择之间存在着密切的关系。
Barred Owls reduce occupancy and breeding propensity of Northern Spotted Owl in a Washington old-growth forest
ABSTRACT Protected lands like national parks are important refuges for threatened and endangered species as environmental pressures on wildlife and their habitats increase. The Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), a species designated as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, occurs on public lands throughout the western United States including Mount Rainier National Park (MRNP), Washington. With virtually no history of timber harvest or large forest disturbance within MRNP boundaries since the park's creation in 1899, MRNP provides an ideal place to evaluate potential impacts of climate change and invasive Barred Owls (Strix varia) on the Northern Spotted Owl. We used a multi-state, multi-season occupancy model to investigate how Northern Spotted Owl occupancy dynamics and breeding propensity are related to the presence of Barred Owls, local and regional weather, and habitat characteristics at MRNP from 1997 to 2016. Historical occupancy of Northern Spotted Owl breeding territories in MRNP has declined by 50% in the last 20 yr, and territory occupancy by breeding Northern Spotted Owls also decreased, reaching a low of 25% in 2016. Occupancy rates were higher on territories with steeper terrain and breeding rates were lower when Barred Owls were detected within historical territories. Our results also indicated that breeding propensity was higher when early nesting season temperatures during March and April were higher. In addition, the ability to detect breeding Northern Spotted Owls decreased when Barred Owls were present in the territory. Habitat variables from LiDAR were not correlated with Northern Spotted Owl occupancy dynamics, likely reflecting the dominance of old-growth forest in this protected park. This study illustrates the strong relationship between Barred Owls and Northern Spotted Owl demographics and breeding site selection in a landscape where habitat loss by timber harvest and fire has not occurred.
期刊介绍:
The Condor is the official publication of the Cooper Ornithological Society, a non-profit organization of over 2,000 professional and amateur ornithologists and one of the largest ornithological societies in the world. A quarterly international journal that publishes original research from all fields of avian biology, The Condor has been a highly respected forum in ornithology for more than 100 years. The journal is one of the top ranked ornithology publications. Types of paper published include feature articles (longer manuscripts) Short Communications (generally shorter papers or papers that deal with one primary finding), Commentaries (brief papers that comment on articles published previously in The Condor), and Book Reviews.