社会流动性与动机回报:成就动机在高社会流动性文化与低社会流动性文化中对学生的表现和幸福感更重要

IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
N. Lou, L. Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

成就动机包含了避免失败的动机(例如,害怕失败)和提高能力的动机(例如,精通目标)之间的明确区分。但是,在理解学生的表现和幸福感方面,它们在不同文化之间的普遍性如何呢?我们认为,在社会流动性低(相对于高)的社会中,学生的成就动机不那么明显,在那里人们改变社会地位的机会较少。为了验证这一假设,我们使用多层模型分析了一个跨国数据集(n = 498,362名来自65个地区的高中生)。结果表明,社会层面的社会流动性显著调节了(a)掌握目标和失败恐惧对学业成绩的影响,(b)失败恐惧对幸福感的影响。这些关联在社会流动性高(相对于低)的社会中更强,这表明在社会流动性高的社会中,学生从掌握目标和对失败的恐惧中获得了更大的学术收益。然而,在这样的社会中,对失败的恐惧也对学生的幸福构成了更大的障碍。这些发现强调,同一类型的动机可能在不同文化中运作不同,社会生态环境可能影响动机对学习和幸福感的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social Mobility and Motivational Payoff: Achievement Motivation Is More Important in Students’ Performance and Well-Being in Cultures With High Versus Low Social Mobility
Achievement motivation encompasses a well-establish distinction between the motive to avoid failure (e.g., fear of failure) and the orientation to improve competence (e.g., mastery goal). But how well do they generalize across cultures in understanding students’ performance and well-being? We argue that students’ achievement motivation is less pronounced in societies characterized by low (vs. high) social mobility, where people have fewer opportunities to change their social status. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed a cross-national data set ( n = 498,362 high-school students from 65 regions) using multilevel modeling. The results indicated that societal-level social mobility significantly moderated the role of (a) mastery goals and fear of failure on academic performance and (b) fear of failure on well-being. These associations were stronger in societies with high (vs. low) social mobility, suggesting that students derive greater academic benefits from mastery goals and fear of failure in societies with higher social mobility. In such societies, however, fear of failure also poses a stronger hindrance to students’ well-being. These findings highlight that the same type of motivation may operate differently across cultures and that socioecological environments may influence the motivational impacts on learning and well-being.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
6.70%
发文量
69
期刊介绍: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology publishes papers that focus on the interrelationships between culture and psychological processes. Submitted manuscripts may report results from either cross-cultural comparative research or results from other types of research concerning the ways in which culture (and related concepts such as ethnicity) affect the thinking and behavior of individuals as well as how individual thought and behavior define and reflect aspects of culture. Review papers and innovative reformulations of cross-cultural theory will also be considered. Studies reporting data from within a single nation should focus on cross-cultural perspective. Empirical studies must be described in sufficient detail to be potentially replicable.
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