The effectiveness of forms of mineral fertilisers and productivity of winter wheat on grey-meadow soils of Kyrgyzstan

Fertilisation of winter wheat is necessary to provide the crop with nutrients for optimal growth, development, and formation of the crop. However, the effectiveness of fertilisers may depend on their shape, soil conditions, and climate. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of using various forms of mineral fertilisers on the formation of productivity of winter wheat on grey-meadow soils of Kyrgyzstan. In 2019-2021, field experiment was conducted in the Educational-experimental Farm of the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University, named after K.I. Skryabin to achieve this goal. As a result of the study, it was identified that the formation of high yields of winter wheat is closely related to the use of nitrogen-containing fertilisers in crop rotation, which contributes to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The substantial effect of ammonium nitrate and granulated superphosphate on the nitrogen regime of the soil was also noted. The concentration of carbon-ammonium-soluble phosphates is determined by the actions of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, and all forms of phosphorus fertilisers, but no special changes in the phosphate regime of the soil under the influence of forms of phosphorus fertilisers were identified. However, when using complex fertilisers, a slight accumulation of mobile phosphorus in the soil was noted. The introduction of ammonium nitrate ensures the yield of winter wheat grain at the level of 56 centner/ha, ammonium sulphate – 53.1 centner/ha. granulated superphosphate provided the highest level of winter wheat yield – 55.5 centner/ha and the highest increase in yield against the background of nitrogen-potassium nutrition – 8.7 centner/ha. Therefore, for winter wheat, after rowed precursors, it is preferable to apply ammonium nitrate from nitrogen forms of fertilisers. As an alternative to it – ammonium sulphate or urea, from phosphorus forms of fertilisers – granular superphosphate. The practical importance of the results of the study allows for developing more effective methods of using fertilisers and increasing the productivity of grain crops on grey-meadow soils of Kyrgyzstan and in other regions with similar soil and climatic conditions