一种用于精细评价种植系统土壤健康的加权土壤健康指数方法

IF 2.1 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE
Surendra Singh, S. Jagadamma, D. Yoder, X. Yin, F. Walker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过一种有效的土壤健康评估方法,促进可持续的作物生产。然而,由于管理实践和农业生态区域的动态土壤特性(即土壤健康指标)之间的多重相互作用,土壤健康评估具有挑战性。我们在美国东南部的田纳西州测试了几种目前流行的种植系统土壤健康评估方法,发现这些方法未能区分长期保护和传统管理下的田纳西州土壤健康。本研究开发了田纳西州加权土壤健康指数(WSHI),方法是:1)选择一组管理敏感的土壤健康指标,2)为指标分配有意义的权重,3)基于区域相关的未受干扰自然参考点对得分进行归一化。试验种植系统处理为连续大豆(SS)的犁板犁(MP)、SS的免耕(NT)、SS中的小麦覆盖NT(NTW)、连续棉花(CC)的无覆盖凿犁(NCCT)、CC中的无覆盖免耕(NCNT)和CC中的毛豆覆盖免耕(VCNT),选择了种植系统附近的两个林地和一个草地,以代表未受干扰的自然系统。在被证明对管理敏感的22个指标中,有6个被选为最小数据集(MDS)。这些是颗粒有机物C(POM-C)、4天培养的土壤呼吸(4d CO2)、小团聚体(0.250-2mm)相关的C(SMA-C)、表面硬度(PR15)、微生物生物量N(MBN)和堆积密度(BD)。MDS指标的测量值被转换为无单位归一化分数(基于指标的区域范围),并最终使用加权加法方法整合为WSHI分数。此外,还计算了区域参考系统和不同种植系统的土壤健康之间的土壤健康差距。结果表明,WSHI强烈区分了长期保护和传统管理做法之间的土壤健康。东南农田土壤的WSHI得分变化如下:VCNT=NTW>NT>NCNT≥NCCT≥MP。相对于三个未扰动系统的平均WSHI,MP、NCCT、NCNT、NT、NTW和VCNT下的SHG分别为85.5、79.9、68、45.1、25.2和24.3。结果表明,WSHI方法在更有意义的土壤健康区域评估中是有效的,SHG可以作为比较农业生态区域土壤健康的潜在指标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A weighted soil heath index approach for refined assessment of soil health in cropping systems
Promoting sustainable crop production is enhanced by an effective method to assess soil health. However, soil health assessment is challenging due to multiple interactions among dynamic soil properties (i.e., soil health indicators) across management practices and agroecological regions. We tested several currently popular soil health assessment methods for cropping systems in Tennessee in the southeastern US and found that these methods failed to differentiate Tennessee soil health under long-term conservation and conventional management.This study developed a Tennessee weighted soil health index (WSHI) by: 1) selecting a set of management-sensitive soil health indicators, 2) assigning meaningful weights to indicators, and 3) normalizing the scores based on regionally relevant undisturbed natural reference sites. The tested cropping systems treatments were moldboard plow (MP) in continuous soybean (SS), no tillage (NT) in SS, NT with wheat cover (NTW) in SS, no cover and chisel plow (NCCT) in continuous cotton (CC), no cover and no tillage (NCNT) in CC, and hairy vetch cover and no tillage (VCNT) in CC. In addition, two woodlots and one grassland sites in the vicinity of the cropping systems were selected to represent undisturbed natural systems.Out of 22 indicators that proved to be management-sensitive, six were selected as a minimum dataset (MDS). These were particulate organic matter C (POM-C), soil respiration from 4-day incubation (4d CO2), small macroaggregate (0.250-2mm)-associated C (SMA-C), surface hardness (PR15), microbial biomass N (MBN), and bulk density (BD). Measured values of the MDS indicators were transformed into unitless normalized scores (based on the regional range of the indicator), and finally integrated into WSHI scores using a weighted-addition approach. Additionally, the soil health gap (SHG) between the soil health of the regional reference system and different cropping systems was calculated. Results revealed that WSHI strongly differentiated soil health between long-term conservation and conventional managements practices. The WSHI scores for southeastern cropland soils varied as follows: VCNT = NTW > NT > NCNT ≥ NCCT ≥ MP. The SHGs under MP, NCCT, NCNT, NT, NTW, and VCNT were 85.5, 79.9, 68, 45.1, 25.2, and 24.3, respectively, relative to the average WSHI of three undisturbed systems. Results showed that the WSHI approach is effective in more meaningful regional assessment of soil health and SHG can be a potential metric for comparing soil health across agroecological regions.
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