{"title":"具有警戒任务的高性能和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)儿童持续注意力的评估","authors":"M. Servera, B. Sáez, Tania Iglesias Rodríguez","doi":"10.6018/analesps.477731","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to compare children selected in a community setting with ADHD, high-performance, and normo-typical development on a sustained attention task. Three groups of children were selected: ADHD (n = 42), high-performance (n = 20), and normo- typical development (n = 28). A brief computerized vigilance task (CSAT-R) was applied to compare attentional capacity and reaction time. The participants were divided into those with “attentional dysfunction” and those with “normal attention” to analyze clinical validity. Children with high-performance were clearly differentiated from the other two groups, with large effect sizes. The differences between normo-typical and ADHD groups were only significant in the errors and in a nonparametric index of attentional capacity, but with small effect sizes. The CSAT-R showed good specificity and an acceptable positive predictive value, but low levels of sensitivity, and a poor negative predictive value. Therefore, sustained attention could be a prominent mechanism in children with high capacities. The CSAT-R (and probably most of attentional tasks) would be moderately useful in community settings for ADHD diagnosis, but not to rule it out.\n El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar a niños seleccionados en un contexto comunitario con TDAH, alto rendimiento, y desarrollo normotípico, en una tarea de atención sostenida. Se seleccionaron tres grupos de niños: TDAH (n = 42), alto rendimiento (n = 20) y desarrollo normotípico (n = 28). Se aplicó una tarea breve de vigilancia computarizada (CSAT-R) para comparar la capacidad de atención y el tiempo de reacción. Para analizar la validez clínica, los participantes se dividieron en aquellos con \"disfunción atencional\" y aquellos con \"atención normal”. Los niños con alto rendimiento se diferenciaron claramente de los otros dos grupos, con tamaños del efecto grandes. Las diferencias entre los grupos normotípico y TDAH solo fueron significativas en los errores y en un índice no paramétrico de capacidad de atención, pero con tamaños del efecto pequeños. La CSAT-R mostró una buena especificidad y un valor predictivo positivo aceptable, pero niveles bajos de sensibilidad y un pobre valor predictivo negativo. Por tanto, la atención sostenida podría ser un mecanismo destacado en niños con altas capacidades. La CSAT-R (y probablemente la mayoría de las tareas de atención) sería moderadamente útil en entornos comunitarios para el diagnóstico del TDAH, pero no para descartarlo.","PeriodicalId":55521,"journal":{"name":"Anales De Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of sustained attention in high-performance and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with a vigilance task\",\"authors\":\"M. Servera, B. Sáez, Tania Iglesias Rodríguez\",\"doi\":\"10.6018/analesps.477731\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The main objective of this study was to compare children selected in a community setting with ADHD, high-performance, and normo-typical development on a sustained attention task. Three groups of children were selected: ADHD (n = 42), high-performance (n = 20), and normo- typical development (n = 28). A brief computerized vigilance task (CSAT-R) was applied to compare attentional capacity and reaction time. The participants were divided into those with “attentional dysfunction” and those with “normal attention” to analyze clinical validity. Children with high-performance were clearly differentiated from the other two groups, with large effect sizes. The differences between normo-typical and ADHD groups were only significant in the errors and in a nonparametric index of attentional capacity, but with small effect sizes. The CSAT-R showed good specificity and an acceptable positive predictive value, but low levels of sensitivity, and a poor negative predictive value. Therefore, sustained attention could be a prominent mechanism in children with high capacities. The CSAT-R (and probably most of attentional tasks) would be moderately useful in community settings for ADHD diagnosis, but not to rule it out.\\n El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar a niños seleccionados en un contexto comunitario con TDAH, alto rendimiento, y desarrollo normotípico, en una tarea de atención sostenida. Se seleccionaron tres grupos de niños: TDAH (n = 42), alto rendimiento (n = 20) y desarrollo normotípico (n = 28). Se aplicó una tarea breve de vigilancia computarizada (CSAT-R) para comparar la capacidad de atención y el tiempo de reacción. Para analizar la validez clínica, los participantes se dividieron en aquellos con \\\"disfunción atencional\\\" y aquellos con \\\"atención normal”. Los niños con alto rendimiento se diferenciaron claramente de los otros dos grupos, con tamaños del efecto grandes. Las diferencias entre los grupos normotípico y TDAH solo fueron significativas en los errores y en un índice no paramétrico de capacidad de atención, pero con tamaños del efecto pequeños. La CSAT-R mostró una buena especificidad y un valor predictivo positivo aceptable, pero niveles bajos de sensibilidad y un pobre valor predictivo negativo. Por tanto, la atención sostenida podría ser un mecanismo destacado en niños con altas capacidades. 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Assessment of sustained attention in high-performance and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with a vigilance task
The main objective of this study was to compare children selected in a community setting with ADHD, high-performance, and normo-typical development on a sustained attention task. Three groups of children were selected: ADHD (n = 42), high-performance (n = 20), and normo- typical development (n = 28). A brief computerized vigilance task (CSAT-R) was applied to compare attentional capacity and reaction time. The participants were divided into those with “attentional dysfunction” and those with “normal attention” to analyze clinical validity. Children with high-performance were clearly differentiated from the other two groups, with large effect sizes. The differences between normo-typical and ADHD groups were only significant in the errors and in a nonparametric index of attentional capacity, but with small effect sizes. The CSAT-R showed good specificity and an acceptable positive predictive value, but low levels of sensitivity, and a poor negative predictive value. Therefore, sustained attention could be a prominent mechanism in children with high capacities. The CSAT-R (and probably most of attentional tasks) would be moderately useful in community settings for ADHD diagnosis, but not to rule it out.
El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar a niños seleccionados en un contexto comunitario con TDAH, alto rendimiento, y desarrollo normotípico, en una tarea de atención sostenida. Se seleccionaron tres grupos de niños: TDAH (n = 42), alto rendimiento (n = 20) y desarrollo normotípico (n = 28). Se aplicó una tarea breve de vigilancia computarizada (CSAT-R) para comparar la capacidad de atención y el tiempo de reacción. Para analizar la validez clínica, los participantes se dividieron en aquellos con "disfunción atencional" y aquellos con "atención normal”. Los niños con alto rendimiento se diferenciaron claramente de los otros dos grupos, con tamaños del efecto grandes. Las diferencias entre los grupos normotípico y TDAH solo fueron significativas en los errores y en un índice no paramétrico de capacidad de atención, pero con tamaños del efecto pequeños. La CSAT-R mostró una buena especificidad y un valor predictivo positivo aceptable, pero niveles bajos de sensibilidad y un pobre valor predictivo negativo. Por tanto, la atención sostenida podría ser un mecanismo destacado en niños con altas capacidades. La CSAT-R (y probablemente la mayoría de las tareas de atención) sería moderadamente útil en entornos comunitarios para el diagnóstico del TDAH, pero no para descartarlo.
期刊介绍:
Anales de Psicologia / Annals of Psychology is a multidisciplinary journal of the various thematic areas of scientific psychology. It publishes original research articles and theoretical review in any of its basic, applied and methodological areas included within psychology.
Publishing, financing, marketing and distribution corresponds Editum: Editions of the University of Murcia (Spain). The organizational guidelines and editorial policies come from the Editorial Team (elected for four years by the Areas and / or Departments of Psychology at the University of Murcia) and the Editorial Board, composed of scholars and experts from different universities and institutions national and international. It is published in print (ISSN: 0212-9728) since 1984 and in Internet publishing (web) (ISSN: 1695-2294) since 2000. Available online full text in pdf from the vol. 1 1984.
Anales de Psicologia / Annals of Psychology maintains a system of exchange with other journals and publications of psychology in the world. Through an free exchange agreement with their respective publishers or entities responsible for editing, these journals and publications are received at the University of Murcia (Biblioteca "Luis Vives", near the Faculty of Psychology) and in return, our journal is sent to libraries and educational and research institutions such centers responsible for editing.