强制奴役行为的有罪不罚:詹姆斯·麦迪逊、美国国会和圣多明各难民

IF 1.1 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Andrew J. Walker, Ana María Silva Campo, J. Manners, J. Hébrard, R. Scott
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:1809年,3000多人在抵达路易斯安那州时被称为奴隶,这违反了1807年美国禁止作为奴隶进行国际贸易的法律。自1790年代革命解放以来,这些人一直以自由人的身份生活在圣多明各,1803年,随着拿破仑远征军对殖民地的袭击,这些人被卷入了大量的战争难民潮中。1808年法国和西班牙开战时,西班牙驻古巴政府驱逐了“法国”难民。一万多人很快向路易斯安那州进发。在他们离开之前,一百名富裕的白人难民向詹姆斯·麦迪逊总统写了一份请愿书,试图将那些被他们含糊其辞地称为“家庭佣工”的人带到美国。1809年6月,美国国会通过了一项法律,总统签署了该法律,允许对那些从圣多明各经古巴违反1807年法律的人“减刑”。路易斯安那州立法机构反过来授权假定的所有者买卖他们现在声称是奴隶的人。这些强制性奴役行为的动态重塑了我们对美国共和国早期加勒比海关系和1807年法律的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impunity for Acts of Peremptory Enslavement: James Madison, the U.S. Congress, and the Saint Domingue Refugees
Abstract:In 1809 more than three thousand people were claimed as slaves upon arrival in Louisiana, in violation of the 1807 U.S. law against the international trade in persons to be held or sold as slaves. Having lived as free persons in Saint Domingue since the revolutionary emancipations of the 1790s, these people had been swept into a large exodus of war refugees in 1803, as the Napoleonic expeditionary assault ravaged the colony. When France and Spain went to war in 1808, the Spanish government in Cuba expelled the "French" refugees. More than ten thousand soon made their way toward Louisiana. Before their departure, one hundred prosperous white refugees penned a petition to President James Madison, seeking to bring into the United States those whom they coyly described as their "domestics." In June 1809 the U.S. Congress passed, and the president signed, a law granting the requested "remission of penalties" for those from Saint Domingue via Cuba who had violated the 1807 law. The Louisiana legislature, in turn, authorized putative owners to buy and sell those they now claimed as slaves. The dynamics of these acts of peremptory enslavement reframe our understanding of Caribbean connections in the early U.S. Republic, and of the 1807 law.
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CiteScore
1.40
自引率
12.50%
发文量
52
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