Wind tunnel simulation of wind erosion and dust emission processes, and the influences of soil texture

Dust emission caused by wind erosion of soil is an important surface process in arid and semi-arid regions. However, existing dust emission models pay insufficient attention to the impacts of aerodynamic entrainment of particles. In addition, studies of wind erosion processes do not adequately account for the dynamics of wind erosion rates and dust emission fluxes, or for the impact of soil texture on dust emission. Our wind tunnel simulations of wind erosion and dust emission showed that the soil texture, wind erosion duration, and shear velocity are major factors that affect the dynamics of wind erosion and dust emission. Because of the limited supply of surface sand and the change in surface erosion resistance caused by surface coarsening during erosion, the wind erosion rate and the flux of particles smaller than 10 μm (PM₁₀) caused by aerodynamic entrainment decreased rapidly with increasing erosion duration, which suggests that surface wind erosion and dust emission occur primarily during the initial stage of wind erosion. The PM₁₀ emission efficiency decreased with increasing shear velocity following a power function, and finer textured sandy loam soils had greater PM₁₀ emission efficiency than loamy sand soils.