Russian interests in the Horn of Africa: A Red Sea foothold?

ABSTRACT Russia's global strategy to establish itself as a superpower has led to its increased presence in Africa, particularly after the 2014 tensions over the Crimea in Ukraine created a rift with the West. In recent years, Russia has rebuilt its status as a regional actor in the Horn of Africa lost after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. As in other parts of the world, Russia uses many tools to promote its influence in the region, providing political and military support, as well as engaging in economic and energy cooperation. More generally, Russia's renewed presence in the Horn of Africa competes – to some degree – with the ambitions of other international players in the region, particularly Western countries such as the United States and France, but also China. This article examines Russia's renewed political, military, economic and cultural commitment in the Horn of Africa.