The Development of a Kazakh Speech Recognition Model Using a Convolutional Neural Network with Fixed Character Level Filters

This study is devoted to the transcription of human speech in the Kazakh language in dynamically changing conditions. It discusses key aspects related to the phonetic structure of the Kazakh language, technical considerations in collecting the transcribed audio corpus, and the use of deep neural networks for speech modeling. A high-quality decoded audio corpus was collected, containing 554 h of data, giving an idea of the frequencies of letters and syllables, as well as demographic parameters such as the gender, age, and region of residence of native speakers. The corpus contains a universal vocabulary and serves as a valuable resource for the development of modules related to speech. Machine learning experiments were conducted using the DeepSpeech2 model, which includes a sequence-to-sequence architecture with an encoder, decoder, and attention mechanism. To increase the reliability of the model, filters initialized with symbol-level embeddings were introduced to reduce the dependence on accurate positioning on object maps. The training process included simultaneous preparation of convolutional filters for spectrograms and symbolic objects. The proposed approach, using a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning methods, resulted in a 66.7% reduction in the weight of the model while maintaining relative accuracy. The evaluation on the test sample showed a 7.6% lower character error rate (CER) compared to existing models, demonstrating its most modern characteristics. The proposed architecture provides deployment on platforms with limited resources. Overall, this study presents a high-quality audio corpus, an improved speech recognition model, and promising results applicable to speech-related applications and languages beyond Kazakh.