修正牛顿动力学(MOND):观测现象学和相对论扩展

IF 26.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS
Benoît Famaey, Stacy S. McGaugh
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引用次数: 555

摘要

大量的天文数据表明宇宙中存在质量差异。在各种类型的河外系统中观测到的运动超出了恒星和气体可见质量所能解释的范围。要么(i)有大量看不见的物质以某种新形式存在——暗物质;要么(ii)这些数据表明我们对相关尺度上的动力学的理解出现了故障,要么(iii)两者兼而有之。在这里,我们首先回顾了暗物质解释星系质量差异的几个突出挑战,纯粹基于观测,独立于任何替代理论框架。然后,我们展示了许多这些令人费解的观察结果都可以通过一个单一的关系来预测-米尔格罗姆定律-涉及加速度常数a0(或特征表面密度Σ?= a0/G),以自然单位计算的宇宙常数的平方根数量级。目前,这种关系最容易被解释为在星系尺度上对牛顿动力学(MOND)的修正所产生的单一万有引力定律的影响。我们详尽地回顾了目前在所有天体物理尺度上这种替代范式的观测成功和问题,并总结了各种理论尝试(TeVeS, GEA, BIMOND等),以有效地将牛顿动力学的这种修改嵌入相对论的引力理论中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions

A wealth of astronomical data indicate the presence of mass discrepancies in the Universe. The motions observed in a variety of classes of extragalactic systems exceed what can be explained by the mass visible in stars and gas. Either (i) there is a vast amount of unseen mass in some novel form — dark matter — or (ii) the data indicate a breakdown of our understanding of dynamics on the relevant scales, or (iii) both. Here, we first review a few outstanding challenges for the dark matter interpretation of mass discrepancies in galaxies, purely based on observations and independently of any alternative theoretical framework. We then show that many of these puzzling observations are predicted by one single relation — Milgrom’s law — involving an acceleration constant a0 (or a characteristic surface density Σ? = a0/G) on the order of the square-root of the cosmological constant in natural units. This relation can at present most easily be interpreted as the effect of a single universal force law resulting from a modification of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. We exhaustively review the current observational successes and problems of this alternative paradigm at all astrophysical scales, and summarize the various theoretical attempts (TeVeS, GEA, BIMOND, and others) made to effectively embed this modification of Newtonian dynamics within a relativistic theory of gravity.

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来源期刊
Living Reviews in Relativity
Living Reviews in Relativity 物理-物理:粒子与场物理
CiteScore
69.90
自引率
0.70%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Living Reviews in Relativity is a peer-reviewed, platinum open-access journal that publishes reviews of research across all areas of relativity. Directed towards the scientific community at or above the graduate-student level, articles are solicited from leading authorities and provide critical assessments of current research. They offer annotated insights into key literature and describe available resources, maintaining an up-to-date suite of high-quality reviews, thus embodying the "living" aspect of the journal's title. Serving as a valuable tool for the scientific community, Living Reviews in Relativity is often the first stop for researchers seeking information on current work in relativity. Written by experts, the reviews cite, explain, and assess the most relevant resources in a given field, evaluating existing work and suggesting areas for further research. Attracting readers from the entire relativity community, the journal is useful for graduate students conducting literature surveys, researchers seeking the latest results in unfamiliar fields, and lecturers in need of information and visual materials for presentations at all levels.
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