Study on the Correlation Between SFRP-5 Expression Level, Insulin Resistance, and Glycolipid Metabolism in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum secretory frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP-5) expression levels and insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Baseline data were collected from 58 patients with GDM and 51 healthy controls who were admitted Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from May 2020 to June 2022. sSTRA5 concentrations in peripheral blood of pregnant women were measured, and SFRP-5 levels in patients with different GDM types and normal controls were analyzed by logistic regression models. Results: The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were higher in the observation group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), while the expression levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum SFRP-5 were lower than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); serum SFRP-5, TG, TC, FBG, and HOMA-IR were all risk factors for GDM (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Elevated serum sSTRA5 may be involved in the regulation of insulin resistance in the body and the regulation of blood glucose in the body by affecting lipid metabolism and inflammatory response.