用药物疗法治疗刑事司法系统中的阿片类药物使用障碍

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International Mind and Law Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100009

Susan Schenk, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Louise Dixon

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引用次数: 1

摘要

患有阿片类药物使用障碍(非法和处方阿片类药物)的人不成比例地参与犯罪活动，被监禁者中患有这些疾病的比例很高。尽管药物治疗对阿片类药物使用障碍具有既定的疗效，但很少向刑事司法人员提供这种干预措施。本综述旨在了解阿片类药物使用障碍与犯罪之间关系的本质，以及药物治疗在减少复发和犯罪累犯方面的功效，以期为政策和实践提供信息。方法对阿片类药物使用、犯罪和药物治疗疗效方面的已发表文献进行综述。结果:(1)犯罪人群中阿片类药物滥用的发生率较高;(2)阿片类药物使用障碍患者的再犯率较高;(3)药物治疗在监禁期间和监禁后证明对阿片类药物使用障碍有效;(4)药物治疗对犯罪人群的药物使用和再犯都有降低。结论研究结果表明，在刑事司法系统中，药物治疗对阿片类药物使用障碍的反应是有保证的。

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Treating opioid use disorders in the criminal justice system with pharmacotherapy

Background

People who suffer from opioid use disorders (illicit and prescription opioids) are disproportionately involved in criminal activities and a high percentage of those incarcerated suffer from these disorders. Despite the established efficacy of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorders this intervention is infrequently offered to criminal justice populations. This review sets out to understand the nature of the relationship between opioid use disorders and criminal offending and the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in reducing both relapse and criminal recidivism, with a view to informing policy and practice.

Methods

A narrative review of the published literature in the area of opioid use, criminal offending, and pharmacotherapy efficacy, was undertaken.

Results

The evidence shows that (1) there is a high prevalence of opioid misuse in the criminal offending population; (2) criminal recidivism amongst those with an opioid use disorder is high (3) pharmacotherapy proves effective for opioid use disorders during and after incarceration, and (4) pharmacotherapy for offending populations decreases both relapse to drug-taking and criminal recidivism.