对称谓词和互变的语义

IF 1.1 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Yoad Winter
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引用次数: 20

摘要

互惠交替出现在也有集体一元形式的二元谓词中。这些二元谓词大多是对称的:如果a日期为B,那么B日期为a。英语中大多数对称谓词都表现出一种简单的互惠:a和B日期的意思是“a日期为B”,或者相当于“B日期为a”。类似的观察结果适用于名词和形容词,如表亲和相同。拥抱、打斗和亲吻等非对称谓词也显示出互惠性,但更为复杂。例如,A和B拥抱的含义与“A拥抱B和/或B拥抱A”有很大不同。针对广泛的互易谓词,我们观察到“普通”互易仅出现在对称谓词中,而其他类型的互易只出现在非对称谓词中。这种互易对称泛化激发了一种从集体意义派生对称谓词的词汇运算符。相反,使用谓词概念的“软”偏好来分析非对称谓词的互易性。在Dowty和Rappaport-Hovav&Levin的开发工作中,我们引入了一个原谓词的形式语义概念,它介于词汇含义和概念之间。这种机制将对称性和互易性解释为一个类型系统在词汇概念界面上的两个语义方面。早期访问
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Symmetric predicates and the semantics of reciprocal alternations
Reciprocal alternations appear with binary predicates that also have a collective unary form. Many of these binary predicates are symmetric : if A dated B then B dated A. Most symmetric predicates in English show a simple kind of reciprocity: A and B dated means “A dated B”, or equivalently “B dated A”. Similar observations hold for nouns and adjectives like cousin and identical . Non-symmetric predicates like hug , fight and kiss also show reciprocity, but of a more complex kind. For instance, the meaning of A and B hugged differs substantially from “A hugged B and/or B hugged A”. Addressing a wide range of reciprocal predicates, we observe that “plain” reciprocity only appears with symmetric predicates, while other types of reciprocity only appear with non-symmetric predicates. This Reciprocity-Symmetry Generalization motivates a lexical operator that derives symmetric predicates from collective meanings. By contrast, reciprocity with non-symmetric predicates is analyzed using “soft” preferences of predicate concepts. Developing work by Dowty and Rappaport-Hovav & Levin, we introduce a formal semantic notion of protopredicates , which mediates between lexical meanings and concepts. This mechanism explains symmetry and reciprocity as two semantic aspects of one type system at the lexical-conceptual interface. EARLY ACCESS
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