通常看不见,偶尔可见,死者的精神在20世纪早期Sámi民间传说

IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Thomas A. DuBois
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引用次数: 0

摘要

二十世纪之交,萨米人提出了亡灵的概念,并描述了那些能够看到、听到、互动并有时控制亡灵的特殊个人,特别是被称为noaideslágáš的人,即熟练掌握亡灵艺术的人。例子和分析来源于萨米作家和学者Johan Turi(1854–1936)的著作、挪威民俗学家Just Qvigstad(1853–1957)记录的同期记述、萨米立法者、教育家和民间传说收藏家Isak Saba(1875–1921)的田野调查,以及1886年的Aanaar(Inari)萨米民间传说选集。二十世纪初萨米文化中的亡灵被描述为各种各样的名字,有时甚至自相矛盾,可以用来保护或增加生者的财富,但也可以在疾病、不幸和人际冲突的情况下发挥作用。这一时期记录的各种叙事反映了萨米土著传统与各种基督教教派的思想以及萨米人家园萨米芬兰、挪威、俄罗斯和瑞典一侧非萨米邻居的信仰传说的复杂融合。死者的灵魂是日常生活中强大、可期待但有时不可预测的元素——可以帮助或伤害的存在,这取决于与他们接触的人和可以对他们行使权力的人如何对待他们,尤其是诺艾迪特、萨米仪式和疗愈专家。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Usually Invisible, Occasionally Visible, Spirits of the Dead in Early Twentieth-Century Sámi Folklore
Turn-of-twentieth-century Sámi concepts of spirits of the dead are presented along with accounts of those exceptional individuals able to see, hear, interact with, and sometimes control them, particularly persons termed noaideslágáš, i.e., skilled in noaidi arts. Examples and analysis are drawn from the writings of Sámi author and scholar Johan Turi (1854–1936), contemporaneous accounts recorded by Norwegian folklorist Just Qvigstad (1853–1957), the fieldwork of Sámi legislator, educator, and folklore collector Isak Saba (1875–1921), and an 1886 anthology of Aanaar (Inari) Sámi folklore. Described with varying names and sometimes contradicting accounts, the spirits of the dead in Sámi culture during the early twentieth century could be used to protect or enhance the fortunes of the living, but could also play roles in situations of disease, misfortune, and interpersonal conflict. The various narratives recorded in the period reflect a complex fusion of Indigenous Sámi traditions with ideas stemming from various Christian denominations and the belief legends of non-Sámi neighbors in the Finnish, Norwegian, Russian and Swedish sides of Sápmi—the Sámi homeland. Spirits of the dead figure as potent, expectable, but sometimes unpredictable elements of daily life—beings that could help or harm, depending on how they were dealt with by those with whom they came in contact and those who could wield power over them, particularly noaiddit, Sámi ritual and healing specialists.
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