Baharana geracei Carpenter的四十年自然史研究,1981年,一种来自巴哈马圣萨尔瓦多岛的安丘类洞穴生活等足动物(甲壳纲、等足目、环足目):繁殖、生长、寿命和种群结构

IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY
J. H. Carpenter
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引用次数: 7

摘要

关于世界上92种洞穴卷蓝动物的自然史,几乎没有任何报道,包括那些来自盐水洞穴的卷蓝动物。1978年至2018年,在两个洞穴中收集了1400多个1981年的Baharana geracei Carpenter标本;大小-频率数据提供了对人口结构的深入了解。一些标本被保存了多年,以研究很少报道的洞穴卷蓝动物的活动:觅食、蜕皮、生长、寿命和繁殖。照片记录了这些现象。交配发生在怀孕的雌性蜕皮后。雌性可以有多个产卵期(产卵期),每个生殖周期约2.0–3.5年:产卵期(约9–24个月)、交配、产卵期(5–6个月),释放6–55只曼卡(2.3–3.3毫米长),以及卵鞘蜕皮期(曼卡释放后约2–13个月)。估计每只雌性的一生繁殖力为58曼卡;可能的范围是20–120。在灯塔洞穴中,雌性数量超过雄性(~4:1),体型变大(16.8比9.5毫米),寿命更长。生长速度缓慢:三龄后有袋曼卡发育期为1~2年(约2.3-4.0毫米);雄性和雌性的成年生长速率分别为0.8毫米/年(1.6摩尔/年)和0.5毫米/年。23至30龄的雌性估计寿命为25至28岁,而13至15龄的雄性估计寿命为6至8岁。梅杰洞穴的雄性数量和体积(14.8毫米)几乎与雌性一样多;男性的寿命估计超过20年。对于任何等足类物种来说,超过20年的寿命估计似乎是最长的。雌性的寿命可能是通过抵抗饥饿、在多个窝中存活、吃掉较小的B.geracei以及生活在低压力环境中而增加的。人口似乎稳定,相对较大,目前没有受到威胁。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Forty-year natural history study of Bahalana geracei Carpenter, 1981, an anchialine cave-dwelling isopod (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas: reproduction, growth, longevity, and population structure
Almost nothing has been reported on the natural history of any of the world’s 92 species of cave cirolanids, including those from saltwater caves (anchialine). Over 1400 specimens of Bahalana geracei Carpenter, 1981 were collected in two caves from 1978–2018; size-frequency data provided insight into population structure. Some specimens were maintained alive over multiple years to study rarely reported activities for cave cirolanids: feeding, molting, growth, longevity, and reproduction. Photographs document these phenomena. Mating occurred after gravid females shed both halves of reproductive molts. Females can have multiple broods (iteroparous) with ~2.0–3.5 years per reproductive cycle: egg production (~9–24 months), mating, brooding (5–6 months), release of 6–55 mancas (2.3–3.3 mm long), and oostegite molt (~2–13 months after manca release). Estimated lifetime fecundity is 58 mancas per female; probable range is 20–120. In Lighthouse Cave, females outnumbered males (~4:1), grew larger (16.8 vs. 9.5 mm), and lived longer. Growth rates were slow: ~1–2 years for three instars of post-marsupial manca development (from ~2.3–4.0 mm); estimated adult growth rate was 0.8 mm/year (1.6 molts/year) for males, and 0.5 mm/year (1.5 molts/year) for females. Longevity estimates for females are 25–28 years with 23–30 instars, vs. 6–8 years for males with 13–15 instars. Males from Major’s Cave were nearly as numerous and as large (14.8 mm) as females; estimated longevity for males is >20 years. Longevity estimates of >20 years appear to be the longest for any isopod species. Female longevity probably increased by being starvation resistant, surviving multiple broods, cannibalizing smaller B. geracei, and living in a low-stress environment. Populations appear to be stable, relatively large, and not currently threatened.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
18.20%
发文量
28
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS-ISSB] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. The Journal will consider original scientific papers dealing with any aspect of subterranean ecosystems and their components focusing on biology, ecology, evolution and conservation. Reviews and Commentaries: The journal welcomes review articles on aspects of subterranean biology. They should be submitted in the same way as research articles but use a simple layout with no more than three levels of headings. Commentaries on previous matter published in the journal may be also considered. Both reviews and commentaries will be reviewed. Book Reviews: Reviews of books, symposia volumes and conferences pertinent to the journal are welcome. The journal publishes electronic versions of the articles when these are ready to publish, without delays that might be caused by completion of an issue. These electronic versions are not "pre-prints" but final and immutable (Version of Record), hence available for the purposes of biological nomenclature. The date indicated on the electronic version is to be considered the actual publication date.
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