玉米害虫防治的生物解决方案

IF 0.6 Q4 AGRONOMY
M. Costea, A. Konjević, I. Grozea
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引用次数: 0

摘要

罗马尼亚的玉米作物庇护了大量的昆虫和蜘蛛,其中一些对植物有害(害虫),而另一些则是有用的(天敌)。考虑到目前存在的物种种类繁多,近年来数量众多,我们开始寻找和开发那些能够控制害虫的物种,在目前侧重于生物解决办法而损害化学解决办法的背景下。因此,在2021-2022年,我们分析了西部地区两家农业公司有机种植的2批玉米的害虫和天敌。结果表明,在野外和笼中均存在较大的多样性和正相互作用。瓢虫对蚜虫的捕食效率高达81%,蜘蛛对叶甲虫(Diabrotica、Oulema、Phyllotreta和Chaetocnema)的捕食效率仍然很高(76.25%)。寄生蜂的寄生率较低(寄生蚜率为14.84%),食卵寄生蜂的寄生率为10.71%。未来有机玉米害虫管理的方法应该包括利用现有的天敌,这是一种低成本、经济实惠的解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
BIOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PESTS IN CORN CROPS
Corn crops in Romania shelter a large number of insects and spiders, some of them harm the plants (pests) while others are useful (natural enemies). Bearing in mind the wide variety of species present and the high numerical quantity of recent years, we set out to find and exploit those capable of keeping pests under control in the context of the current focus on biological solutions to the detriment of chemical ones. Thus, in 2021-2022 we analyzed the set of pests and natural enemies from 2 lots of corn grown organically, from 2 agricultural companies in the western region. The results showed a great diversity and positive interactions, analyzed both in the open field and in cages. The effectiveness rate of ladybugs in preying on aphids was high (81%) and that of spiders in preying on leaf beetles (Diabrotica, Oulema, Phyllotreta and Chaetocnema) was still high (76.25%). The activity of the parasitoid wasps was reflected in a lower effectiveness rate (parasitized aphids) (14.84%), as was the case of the oophagous wasps that parasitized 10.71% of Ostrinia and Helicoverpa eggs. The future approach to pest management in organic corn crops should include exploitation of existing natural enemies, an affordable solution at low cost.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
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